Neurohypophyseal hormones and several of their analogs as well as N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, have been studied for their ability to attenuate puromycin-induced amnesia in mice. arginine]vasopressin, and the analogs des--0lycinamide{8-lysine]vasopressin, [1-p-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-lysinelvasopressin, [1,6-aminosuberic acid, 8-lysine vasopressin, [4-leu- Gly-NH2, as well as its derivatives D-Leu-Gly-NH2 and the diketopiperazine, cyclo(-Leu-Gly-).Peptides possessing behavioral and electrophysiological activities are the focus of increasing attention (1-9). Among these peptides are the antidiuretic hormone of pig, [8-ly-sine]vasopressin (LVP) (for primary structures see Fig. 1), and des-9-glycinamide-LVP (DGLVP), which was isolated from hog pituitary (6). The peptides delay extinction of active avoidance behavior in intact rats (10)(11)(12) and restore the ability of hypophysectomized rats to acquire a conditioned avoidance response (3,5