Synthesis and spectral characterization of the first fluorescein-tagged iron(ii) clathrochelates, their supramolecular interactions with globular proteins, and cellular uptake

Abstract

The fluorescein-tagged iron(ii) clathrochelate was synthesized for the first time and its accumulation in A2780 cancer cells was studied.

Multistep synthesis and X-ray structures of carboxyl-terminated hybrid iron(ii) phthalocyaninatoclathrochelates and their postsynthetic transformation into polytopic carboranyl-containing derivatives

“…Cage metal complexes with encapsulated metal ion(s) (clathrochelates 1 ) are known to be chemically robust coordination compounds possessing unusual chemical, optical and redox properties. 1 a , b They have been earlier proposed as prospective drug candidates, 1 b ,2 optical probes, 3 homo- and heterogeneous catalysts, 4 and single-ion molecular magnets 5 with record magnetic characteristics as well. Moreover, mono- and dinuclear macrobicyclic complexes of this type with terminal donor group(s) were earlier reported to be suitable 3D-metalloligands and rigid cage monomers.…”

“…Among the earlier-described monomacrobicyclic iron( ii ) complexes and their bis-cage analogs, those with terminal biorelevant (first of all, carboxyl) group(s) are described 1 b ,2,3 to be the most prospective bioeffectors (including the so-called “topological drugs”) and molecular optical probes. They possess the highest inhibitory activities in the transcription systems of T7 RNA 10 and Taq DNA 11 polymerases, and the best antifibrillogenic properties.…”

Synthesis and reactivity of the apically functionalized (pseudo)macrobicyclic iron(ii) tris-dioximates and their hybrid phthalocyaninatoclathrochelate derivatives comprising reactive and vector terminal groups

“…Abiotic and absolutely artificial cage metal complexes (clathrochelates 1 ), the designed 3D-molecules of which are able to selectively form strong supramolecular associates with biomacromolecules and/or their macromolecular assemblies, are reported 1 b to possess various bioactivities, thus making it possible to fight a wide range of viral, 2 neurodegenerative 3 and cancer 4 diseases, and/or to study a wide range of protein structures and misfoldings in them as well. 5 For all these purposes, the molecular design of metal clathrochelates of a target geometry and a given functionality, and a search of the convenient synthetic pathways for obtaining them should be performed. Therefore, a wide range of macropolycyclic complexes with an encapsulated metal ion, which are formed by the rigid quasiaromatic polyazomethine caging ligands, have been prepared and characterized to date.…”

“…, the closo -borato-, carborano-, phthalocyaninato- and porphyrinatoclathrochelates) seem to be, in several cases, even more efficient bioeffectors and/or molecular (first of all, optical) bioprobes, as compared with their mono- and bis-clathrochelate precursors, and macrocyclic analogs as well. 3,5 Indeed, phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their metal complexes are known, in particular, to be practically important photostable and chemically robust pigments and dyes with record (up to 2 × 10 5 mol −1 L cm −1 ) extinctions in the visible range. They have been widely used in modern science, hi-tech technology and innovative industries.…”

Fluorinated Iron(ii) clathrochelate units in metalorganic based copolymers: improved porosity, iodine uptake, and dye adsorption properties

“…Iron( ii ) clathrochelate is a robust metalorganic unit with a considerable internal free volume (IFV) and which can be easily synthesized and functionalized, especially when employed as a building block in cross-coupling reactions. 29–31 Iron( ii ) clathrochelate complexes were tested as biosensors, 32,33 catalysts for hydrogen generation, 34,35 materials for electronic transport, 36 organogels, 37 and to make supramolecular structures of definite shapes and sizes. 38–41 Recently, several iron( ii ) clathrochelate based polymers were reported disclosing prominent porous properties.…”