“…Therefore, it can be inferred that the synthesized Bi-TDC materials have a non-centrosymmetric structure [15] , [19] , [44] , which endows them with piezoelectric properties [15] , [33] . The two peaks near 1500 cm −1 are the vs and vas modes of vibration of –COO - [37] , [41] , [45] , which also shift to lower wavenumbers compared to the –COOH vibration of the ligand [41] , [45] . This is because the carboxylate group –COOH coordinates with the metal Bi, which affects its vibration intensity and frequency [45] , [46] .…”