Synthesis and tribological evaluation of sesame oil-based trimethylolpropane ester

Menkiti, Matthew Chukwudi; Ocholi, Ocheje; Oyoh, K.B.; Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic

doi:10.1080/22243682.2015.1013154

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Concentration of TE would rise with the decrease of DE and ME concentrations. Similar reaction mechanism has been reported earlier by other researchers [34,43,44].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…JME in this study) vapour back into the reactor, the reverse reaction would be contained and the esterification of DE to TE would prevail. Hence, water used in the condenser should be cold enough to ensure condensation of the vaporized FAME back to the reactor [34,45,46]. The amount of ME, DE and JME, would be considered insignificantly unchanged with temperature variation.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entrained catalyst in the JME was removed by successive rinses with hot distilled water. Finally, water present in the JME was eliminated by oven-heating at 70°C [34].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Jatropha Methyl Estermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filtered Jatropha bio-based stock was analysed using the GC to determine the product composition. Pour point, viscosities, flash point and viscosity index were also determined by appropriate analysis [34]. The unreacted methyl ester was not removed before measuring the properties of the biobased TMP ester to eliminate potential conjugation reaction at destructive high temperature (180-200°C) molecular distillation (needed to remove unreacted methyl ester) involving poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and also improve wear resistance of the biobased TMP ester [6,36].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Jatropha Biolubricantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cloth containing the crushed Jatropha seeds was further rinsed with fresh hexane to extract more oil. The hexane contained in the extracted Jatropha oil was removed by distillation while the crude oil extract was collected in a beaker [34].…”

Section: Extraction Of Oil From Jatropha Seed Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of environmentally adapted lubricant basestock from jatropha curcas specie seed oil

2017

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Jatropha curcas seed oil was studied for the synthesis of trimethylolpropane based biolube basestock via chemical transesterification of Jatropha methyl ester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) using calcium hydroxide catalyst. Reactions temperatures ranged between 80 and 160°C and methyl esters to TMP mole ratios ranged between 3:1 and 7:1. Product analysis, ester groups and physio-chemical properties were obtained by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and American Society for testing and material standard methods, respectively. Gibbs free energy indicated that the reaction was spontaneous with a second order rate constant of 1.00E-01 (%wt/ wt min C) -1 and kinetic energy of 13.57 kJ/mol. Jatropha biolubricant (JBL) had the following properties: viscosity of 39.45 and 8.51 cSt at 40 and 100°C, respectively; viscosity index of 204, pour point of -12°C and flash point of 178°C. Temperature and mole ratio were the main factors that influenced the reaction. JBL properties complied with ISO VG 32 standard and could be applied as lube basestock with minor modifications.

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“…Concentration of TE would rise with the decrease of DE and ME concentrations. Similar reaction mechanism has been reported earlier by other researchers [34,43,44].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Effects Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entrained catalyst in the JME was removed by successive rinses with hot distilled water. Finally, water present in the JME was eliminated by oven-heating at 70°C [34].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Jatropha Methyl Estermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Jatropha Biolubricantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction Of Oil From Jatropha Seed Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of environmentally adapted lubricant basestock from jatropha curcas specie seed oil

2017

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Production of biolubricant samples from palm kernel oil using different chemical modification approaches

Egbuna

Nwachukwu

Agu

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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This work focused on the chemical synthesis and characterization of palm kernel oil (PKO) for biolubricant production using transesterification of palm kernel methyl ester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) and epoxidation‐esterification methods. The PKO was extracted using solvent extraction method. The physicochemical characteristics of the PKO and produced biolubricant samples were determined using standard methods. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and gas chromatographic (GC) analyses were used to determine the predominant functional groups and fatty acids of PKO and the produced biolubricant samples, respectively. The kernel oil yield of 49.82% (by weight) was obtained at 55°C, 150 min and 0.5 mm particle size. The viscosities at 40°C, 100°C, viscosity index, pour and flash points of the biolubricants produced by transesterification with TMP (PKBLT) and epoxidation‐esterification (PKBLE) methods, were (42.53 cSt, 10.65 cSt, 139, −11°C, 235°C) and (44.69 cSt, 11.42 cSt, 132, −12°C, 240°C), respectively. Time, mole ratio, and temperature effects were the main factors that significantly influenced the transesterification and epoxidation processes. The obtained physicochemical properties of PKBLE and PKBLT samples showed conformity with ISO VG 32 standard, hence their possible application as biolubricant basestock. Furthermore, the presences of the C–H, OH functional groups in the FTIR results, indicate the biodegradability of the produced biolubricant samples; while the GC analyses indicate that the samples were mainly saturated fatty acids.

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Effect of green fuel and green lubricant with metallic nanoparticles on emissions of HC, CO, NOx, and smoke for a compression ignition engine

Barboza

Dinesha

Rosen

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are imperative from the point of view of protecting the environment by employing sustainable options. Considerable research has been carried out in the transportation sector to meet this objective. Here, the influence is assessed of epoxidised gingelly oil methyl ester biolubricant with alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles on the performance and emissions of a single cylinder 0.66-L capacity direct injection compression ignition engine driven by gingelly B20 biodiesel. Engine tests are carried out with gingelly B20 biodiesel as a fuel, and gingelly methyl ester (B100), epoxidised gingelly methyl ester (B100E), and epoxidised gingelly methyl ester (B100E) mixed with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/w alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles as the lubricant combinations. The results are compared with baseline B20 biodiesel fuel-mineral lubricant operation. The findings indicate that brake thermal efficiency increases by 8.64% for epoxidised gingelly methyl ester (B100E) with 1.0% w/w alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticle biolubricant in comparison to baseline operation. Considerable reductions in emissions are detected; specifically, reductions of 52.4%, 22.0%, 20.0%, and 34.9%, respectively, are observed for CO, NOx, and HC concentrations and smoke opacity for the abovementioned combination as compared to baseline operation. The present work suggests that further research is merited on green fuel-green lubricant combinations. The findings of this study address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13.

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Synthesis and tribological evaluation of sesame oil-based trimethylolpropane ester

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Production of environmentally adapted lubricant basestock from jatropha curcas specie seed oil

Production of environmentally adapted lubricant basestock from jatropha curcas specie seed oil

Production of biolubricant samples from palm kernel oil using different chemical modification approaches

Effect of green fuel and green lubricant with metallic nanoparticles on emissions of HC, CO, NOx, and smoke for a compression ignition engine

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