Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Micellization of Gemini Anionic Surfactants in a Pure State as Well as Mixed With a Conventional Nonionic Surfactant

Abstract

New gemini anionic surfactants were prepared from sodium salts of monoalkyl sulfosuccinate esters of ethylene glycol having variably long tails (C 12 , C 16 , C 18 ) and dichloroethane. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques. The surfaces tension values of the synthesized surfactants were measured at 25°C individually or mixing at different molar fractions with ethoxylated alkylphenol. In all cases, mixed micellar aggregates were formed and critical micellar concentrations of binary mixtures containing different mole fractions of the surfactants were measured. The micellization processes of the individual and mixed surfactants were investigated. The effect of different alkyl chains of gemini anionic surfactants on properties of binary systems and molar ratio in the mixed aggregates were deduced. The critical micelle concentration of mixed surfactants shifted to lower values compared to those of the single surfactants. Effectiveness values increased with decreases in the mole fraction of gemini anionic surfactants. The negative values of interaction parameter (b) increased with increases in the chain length of anionic surfactants. The activity coefficient (f 1 , f 2 ) and total minimum surface area of mixed solution were calculated. Also, the gemini anionic surfactants prepared have moderate antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and not active towards fungi.

New Schiff Base Cationic Surfactants: Surface and Thermodynamic Properties and Applicability in Bacterial Growth and Metal Corrosion Prevention

“…They play a prominent part in the enzymatic or unenzymatic transaminating reactions of the carbonyl compounds with amino acids [12]. In the coordinate chemistry field, a lot of Schiff bases operate as ligands [13].…”

Effect of Inorganic Additives on a Conventional Anionic–Nonionic Mixed Surfactants System in Aqueous Solution

“…Such effect of the mixture is said to be synergistic. Synergism or antagonism properties are often exhibited due to mixtures of different types of surfactants [13][14][15][16][17]. The observed synergism can be referred to as nonideal mixing, whereas the antagonism property exhibits the repulsion between two surfactants and the CMC is higher than the expected.…”

Surface and Aggregation Properties of Synthesized Cetyl Alcohol Based Bis‐Sulfosuccinate Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution

“…The chloroform layers were combined and distilled to isolate the mono alkyl maleate esters of ethylene glycol. The mono alkyl sulfosuccinate ester was obtained by refluxing equal molar amounts of alkyl maleate ester (0.26 mol) and aqueous sodium bisulfite solution (0.26 mol) for 2 h [21].…”

“…Numerous reports have been published on the synthesis and surface properties of anionic gemini surfactants such as carboxylate [10][11][12][13], sulfate [14,15], sulfonate [16], and phosphate [17][18][19][20]. The properties of anionic gemini surfactant with sulfosuccinate head groups have been comparatively less reported [21]. Anionic sulfosuccinate surfactants are amongst the mildest of all the anionic surfactants [22].…”