Aberrant level of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1
and -3 is linked with numerous disorders, for instance, diabetes,
cancer, osteoarthritis, chondrocalcinosis, and allergic reactions.
These disorders may be cured or minimized by blocking the activity
of ENPP1 and ENPP3 isozymes. In this study, arylamide sulphonates
were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their capability
to affect the activity of isozymes ENPP1 and ENPP3. Among the selective
inhibitors of ENPP1, compounds
4f
and
4q
exhibited sub-micromolar IC
50
values of 0.28 ± 0.08
and 0.37 ± 0.03 μM, respectively, followed by
7a
, with IC
50
equal to 0.81 ± 0.05 μM, whereas
out of the selective inhibitors of isozyme ENPP3,
4t
and
7d
preferably lessened the activity to half of the maximal
inhibitory concentration of 0.15 ± 0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.01
μM alternatively. In addition, many structures including
4c
,
4g
,
4k
,
4l
,
4n
,
4o
,
4r
,
4s
,
7b
,
7c
, and
7e
inhibited the activity
of both isozymes to a significant level. Enzyme kinetic study of compound
4j
revealed an uncompetitive mode of inhibition of ENPP1 isozyme,
while
7e
competitively blocked the activity of ENPP3.
Cell viability analysis revealed the compound
4o
as a
cytotoxic agent against MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line) with
a percentage inhibition of 63.2 ± 2.51%, whereas compounds
4c
,
4d
,
4n
, and
7d
decreased
the HeLa cell viability (human cervical cancer cell line) to more
than 50%. The tested compounds were non-cytotoxic against HEK293 (a
human embryonic kidney cell line). Molecular docking analysis of selected
inhibitors of both isozymes produced optimistic interactions with
the influential amino acids, such as Leu290, Lys295, Tyr340, Asp376,
His380, and Pro323 of ENPP1, whereas residues Asn226, His329, Leu239,
Tyr289, Pro272, Tyr320, and Ala205 of ENPP3 crystallographic structure
formed interactions with the potent inhibitors.