Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial evaluation of the alkyd resins derived from castor seed oil

Abstract

Quantity of castor seed oil (CSO) obtained from local market was determined based on acid value, percentage free fatty acid, iodine value, refractive index, saponification number, specific gravity and moisture content. The CSO was employed in the preparatio resin (oil modified ester) using monoglyceride method. This involved the reaction of the oil with glycerol (alcoholysis) and subsequent reaction of the monoglycride obtained with phthalic anhydride to form the alkyd resin. The CSO and its corres characterized using FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of the alkyd resin was evaluated using paper disc diffusion method. The result showed that prepared alkyd resin is active is active against some selected bacterial srains at conc Sallmonella and Staphylococcus

Physicochemical Properties of the Seed Oil of <i>Khaya senegalensis</i>

“…The result obtained for the physicochemical characterization of Khaya senegalensis seed oil is presented in Table 1. The acid value obtained is in tandem with results obtained by previous researchers [15] [16]. The free fatty acid of the oil sample is also within acceptable range for oils that are of good quality.…”

Current State of Alkyd Resin Synthesis and Characterization, Extracted from Vegetable Oils

“…The various extraction techniques employed in this study as seen in Table 1 encompassed; Soxhlet extraction [27,[29][30][31]33,39,42,44,46,49,51,55,60,62,65,66,69,[72][73][74]77,79], hot water floatation [4], [82],Mechanical press [47,50], distillation [58] whilst, [22,26,28,32,34,35,43,64,76,83] had their vegetable oils purchased.…”

“…The vegetable oils investigated in this study are linseed oil [22][23][24][25][26], castor seed oil [27][28][29][30], soybean seed oil [27,[30][31][32][33][34], sunflower seed oil [35,36], tung seed oil [37], rubber seed oil [38][39][40], Jatropha curcas linneaus seed oil [41]- [47], tomato seed oil [48], wild olive seed oil [17], Albiza lebbeck seed oil [49], benniseed oil [50], breadfruit seed oil [51], palm kernel seed oil [52][53][54][55][56], Hura crepitans seed oil [55,57], Luffa cylindrica seed oil [58], African walnut seed oil ) [59], camelina sativa seed oil [25], locust-bean seed oil [38], Parinari-polyandra benth seed oil [60], Lagenaria Breviflorus seed oil [61], yellow oleander seed oil [62], Cotton seed oil [55,63,64], Delonix Regia and Theventia Peruviana Seed Oils …”

“…Examples of such vegetable oils composed of high iodine values (> 120 g I2/100g) recorded in this investigation enumerated in Table 1 are Luffa aegyptiaca [67], Jatropha curcas linneaus seed oil [45], Sesamum indicum seed oil [4], Acacia auriculiformis seed oil [72], Soybean seed oil [30,31,72], Ricinodendron heudelotii [75], Hura crepitans (sandbox) [55,57], Delonix regia (Flamboyant) [66], Citrullus colocynthis [69], Cotton seed oil [55], Rubber seed oil [38][39][40], Jordan valley Tomato [48], African walnut seed oil [59], Ximenia americana [5] and Luffa cylindrica oil [58] as they are composed of reasonable amount of PUFAs [64]. On the other hand, vegetable oils with a higher composition of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), such as investigated in this study; Locust-bean [38], Jatropha curcas linneaus [43,78], Yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) [62], [86] Castor seed [27][28][29][30], Mangifer Indica [79], Karanja (Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi) [62], Breadfruit seed [51], Gmelina seed [74], Nahar seed (Mesua ferrea) [70,71], Lagenaria Breviflorus seed [58], Palm oil [52], Jojoba seed [68], Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil [80], tend to possess low iodine values (< 120 g I2/100g) …”

“…Hot water floatation method was adopted by [4,82] for sesame seed oil, Mechanical press method was adopted by [47,50] for Beniseed oil, Jatropha curcas Linneaus seed oil and Rapeseed oil respectively, on the other hand, distillation method of extraction was employed by [61] [47,50]. Only 1 Researcher employed the distillation method and hot water floatation methods for their extraction [61,82] whereas, 10 Researchers had their vegetable oils purchased [22,26,28,32,34,35,43,64,76,83] The wide use of Soxhlet extraction method could be attributed to its notable high extraction efficiency especially for extracting oil from solid materials such as seeds or plant materials as it allows for thorough and complete extraction of oil, resulting in a higher oil yield compared to other methods. It also allows for selective extraction of specific compounds, including oils, from the solid materials [27,33,72].…”