Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Asparagus Stalk End

Klunklin, Warinporn; Jantanasakulwong, Kittisak; Phimolsiripol, Yuthana; Leksawasdi, Noppol; Seesuriyachan, Phisit; Chaiyaso, Thanongsak; Insomphun, Chayatip; Phongthai, Suphat; Jantrawut, Pensak; Sommano, Sarana Rose; Punyodom, Winita; Reungsang, Alissara; Ngo, Thi Minh Phuong; Rachtanapun, Pornchai

doi:10.3390/polym13010081

Cited by 70 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…At high levels of MCA, the MCA molecules were more available and substitution in molecules of cellulose was easier [16,20]. A similar result was reported regarding the DS value of CMC from sugar beet pulp [16], banana pseudo-stems [9], Mimosa pigra peels [6], durian rinds [12], and asparagus stalk end [14]. The cellulose converted to CMC in this synthesis process yielded two main products.…”

Section: Degree Of Substitution (Ds) and Percent Yield Of Cmc Nsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…(Sodium hydroxide) (Sodium glycolate) There are many factors that determine CMC characteristics, including CMC concentration [11], NaMCA concentration [9], NaOH concentration [6,[12][13][14], temperature [6], and reaction time [15]. However, plant cellulose causes deforestation and environmental problems.…”

Section: Cll-oh + Naoh → Cll−ona + H 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, plant cellulose causes deforestation and environmental problems. Therefore, many research projects have reported that CMC can be synthesized from agricultural wastes such as sugar beet pulp [16], cavendish banana pseudo-stems [9], sago waste [17], papaya peels [18], Mimosa pigra peels [6], durian rinds [12], mulberry paper [19], asparagus stalk end [14], and bacterial cellulose [20].…”

Section: Cll-oh + Naoh → Cll−ona + H 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The color characteristics of cellulose from nata de coco and CMC n were evaluated with a Color Quest XE Spectrocolorimeter (Hunter Lab, Shen Zhen Wave Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) to express the CIELAB color as three values: L* for the lightness, ranging from blackness (0) to whiteness (100); a*, ranging from greenness (−) to redness (+); and b*, ranging from blueness (−) to yellowness (+). The total color differences (∆E) consider the comparisons between the L*, a*, and b* values of the sample and standard and are calculated by Equation (5) [14].…”

Section: Color Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional groups of the bacterial cellulose powder from nata de coco and CMC n powder samples were determined by using an infrared spectrophotometer (Bruker, Tensor27, Berlin, Germany). The transmission was measured at a wave range of 4000-400 cm −1 [14].…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Monochloroacetic Acid on Properties of Carboxymethyl Bacterial Cellulose Powder and Film from Nata de Coco

et al. 2021

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Nata de coco has been used as a raw material for food preparation. In this study, the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film from nata de coco and the effect of monochloroacetic acid on carboxymethyl bacterial cellulose (CMCn) and its film were investigated. Bacterial cellulose from nata de coco was modified into CMC form via carboxymethylation using various concentrations of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 g per 15 g of cellulose. The results showed that different concentrations of MCA affected the degree of substitution (DS), chemical structure, viscosity, color, crystallinity, and morphology of CMCn. The optimum treatment for carboxymethylation was found using 24 g of MCA per 15 g of cellulose, which provided the highest DS at 0.83. The morphology of CMCn was related to DS value; a higher DS value showed denser and smoother surface than nata de coco cellulose. The various MCA concentrations increased the mechanical properties (tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break) and water vapor permeability of CMCn, which were related to the DS value.

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Section: Degree Of Substitution (Ds) and Percent Yield Of Cmc Nsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Cll-oh + Naoh → Cll−ona + H 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cll-oh + Naoh → Cll−ona + H 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Color Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Monochloroacetic Acid on Properties of Carboxymethyl Bacterial Cellulose Powder and Film from Nata de Coco

et al. 2021

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Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from coconut fibers and its application as solid polymer electrolyte membranes

Ndruru,

Syamsaizar,

Hermanto

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the important cellulose derivatives, and it can be developed as a host polymer for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane. This study aimed to synthesis of CMC from coconut fiber cellulose and it was applied to prepare the SPE membranes. Cellulose isolation was conducted through the delignification and bleaching process, while the CMC synthesis was conducted through alkalization and carboxymethylation treatments. SPE membranes were prepared by blending CMC with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) (80/20) and mixed with various weight percentages of LiOAc at room temperature. SPE membranes characterizations were conducted using FTIR, EIS, XRD, SEM, and tensile testing. Cellulose and CMC yields were 23.1% and 65.44%, respectively. Incorporating 20 wt% LiOAc into the CMC/CMCh (80/20) SPE membrane yielded the highest ionic conductivity of 1.37 × 10−3 S/cm.

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Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from Zhombwe (Neorautanenia brachypus (harms) CA Sm.) bagasse

Makanda,

Chikwambi,

Murungweni

et al. 2024

Biopolymers

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Increased awareness of environmental pollution has changed focus to the use of biodegradable materials because they lack persistence in the environment. This article focused on the production of cellulose nanocrystals from Zhombwe, Neorautanenia brachypus (Harms) CA Sm. bagasse using steam explosion, alkaline treatment, bleaching, purification, and acid hydrolysis. The chemical composition after the treatments was determined using TAPPI standards. Further characterization was done using x‐ray Diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The nanoscale dimensions and morphology of the extracted nanocrystals was determined through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). FTIR spectroscopy and DSC confirmed the removal of noncellulosic compounds. XRD revealed that N. brachypus bagasse contained cellulose type I, which partly endured morphological change to polymorph II after purification and hydrolysis. FE‐SEM revealed elliptical to rod‐shaped structures after acid hydrolysis, which had a mean length and width of 1103 nm and 597 nm respectively. TAPPI tests revealed that successive chemical treatments increased crystallinity by 29.7%, enriched cellulose content by 74.2%, reduced lignin content by 21.7%, and reduced hemicellulose to less than 1%. The semicrystalline nature of the material produced in our work is a promising candidate for swelling hydrogel applications in areas such as wound dressing, heavy metal removal, controlled drug delivery, agriculture, and sanitary products. Future studies may focus on surface modification of nanocrystals to improve their thermal stability and therefore expand their range for potential industrial applications.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Asparagus Stalk End

Cited by 70 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Monochloroacetic Acid on Properties of Carboxymethyl Bacterial Cellulose Powder and Film from Nata de Coco

Effect of Monochloroacetic Acid on Properties of Carboxymethyl Bacterial Cellulose Powder and Film from Nata de Coco

Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from coconut fibers and its application as solid polymer electrolyte membranes

Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from Zhombwe (Neorautanenia brachypus (harms) CA Sm.) bagasse

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