“…Their interaction with polymers (including biopolymers) itself is a very promising and important field of research from the stand point of application [6,7]. The above microheterogeneous systems are promising with regard to their use as templates for the synthesis of nanostructured materials [8,9].…”
Various micelle parameters viz., critical micelle concentration (CMC), counter-ion binding (b), aggregation number (N), hydrodynamic radius (R h ), micelle zeta potential (f) and energetic parameters, free energy of micellization (DG 0 m ), enthalpy of micellization (DH 0 m ) and entropy of micelle formation (DS 0 m ) were determined for sodium dodecylsulfate, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of NaCl for the former and NaBr for the latter. Conductometry and calorimetry methods were used for the measurements of CMC and energetic parameters. The fluorimetric (static quenching) method was employed to determine N and dynamic light scattering to estimate R h and f. The conductometrically determined b was verified from the CMC values by calorimetry using the Corrin-Harkins equation. The results found for the two surfactants of identical tails but different head groups have been presented and discussed. A detailed report on the salt effect using salts containing counter-ions the same as those in the surfactant is found only limitedly in the literature.
“…Their interaction with polymers (including biopolymers) itself is a very promising and important field of research from the stand point of application [6,7]. The above microheterogeneous systems are promising with regard to their use as templates for the synthesis of nanostructured materials [8,9].…”
Various micelle parameters viz., critical micelle concentration (CMC), counter-ion binding (b), aggregation number (N), hydrodynamic radius (R h ), micelle zeta potential (f) and energetic parameters, free energy of micellization (DG 0 m ), enthalpy of micellization (DH 0 m ) and entropy of micelle formation (DS 0 m ) were determined for sodium dodecylsulfate, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of NaCl for the former and NaBr for the latter. Conductometry and calorimetry methods were used for the measurements of CMC and energetic parameters. The fluorimetric (static quenching) method was employed to determine N and dynamic light scattering to estimate R h and f. The conductometrically determined b was verified from the CMC values by calorimetry using the Corrin-Harkins equation. The results found for the two surfactants of identical tails but different head groups have been presented and discussed. A detailed report on the salt effect using salts containing counter-ions the same as those in the surfactant is found only limitedly in the literature.
“…(a) SEM image of CdS in microemulsion (W/APSA/IPM); (b) SEM image of in microemulsion (W/(IL + IP)/IPM; (c) TEM image of in micellar solution of . Source : Adapted from our findings Mukherjee et al (2012)…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…The prepared nanodispersions were polydisperse in the size range of 3–8 nm. DLS, SEM, and TEM methods showed formation of globular, elongated sharp‐edged flakes, and wire type morphologies (Figure 12) (Mukherjee et al, 2012).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The prepared CdS nanodispersions were polydisperse in the size range of 3-8 nm. DLS, SEM, and TEM methods showed formation of globular, elongated sharp-edged flakes, and wire type morphologies (Figure 12) (Mukherjee et al, 2012). Nanoparticles of HgO and HgS were prepared by reacting HgCl 2 with NaOH and HgCl 2 with Na 2 S, respectively, in SDS, CTAB, Triton X À 100 TX À 100 ð Þ , Tween À 20 TW À 20 ð Þas well as in water-in-oil (W/O) ME solution comprising water/CTAB + n-butanol/nheptane.…”
Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis In Reverse Micelles and Microemulsionsmentioning
Amphiphiles and surfactants are surface-active molecules with special properties at interfaces, and they can undergo different modes of self-association forming colloidal entities in solution. They can also stabilize other colloidal dispersions including nanoparticles, and help the formation and protection of nanodispersions resulting from chemical reactions. In this study, we have discussed the formation, properties, and applications of such nanocolloid-like species formed in solution by different methods with special stress on various types of surfactants. Nanoparticles show the difference in melting point, electrochemical properties, conductance, etc., from their corresponding bulk material. Classical thermodynamics is used to explain this property. The basics of such processes, their types, morphology, stability, and usefulness have been presented and discussed. The types of assemblies that arise from the selfassociations of the amphiphiles, and surfactants under different conditions (i.e., micelles, reverse micelles, vesicles, liposomes, niosomes, etc.) have been also presented. Examples of their types, morphologies, transformations, and applications in relation to the stability, and functions of nanodispersions or nanocolloids are exemplified with multiple illustrations from earlier as well as recent research. The use of biosurfactants and block copolymers is also discussed. The stabilization of nanoparticles by "capping" has been discussed in some detail. A short account of the hydrothermal and solvothermal processes of synthesis of nanomaterials using amphiphiles as templates has been also presented. The multiple applications of amphiphile-mediated nanoscience have been briefly presented and discussed.
“…Hence, graphene is a potential substrate to use in spintronic devices, recording media, magnetic inks, spin qubits, spin valves and nanomagnetic magnetism [8][9].However, in spite of huge varieties of its novel applications, the use of graphene is rather limited due to its zero band gap [10][11]. Presently, many research efforts are directed towards inducing and fine tuning of band gap in graphene [12][13] and developing various approaches to effectively induce and manipulate the magnetic states in it which are crucial for its use in nanoscale devices [14][15][16]. Regarding magnetism, a lot of attentions were focused on the production of magnetic carbon from different routes like chemical vapour deposition [17-18], ion bombardment [19-20], nanofoam [21], ion implantation [22] etc.…”
First-principles density functional theory (DFT) study of embedding V and Nb atom in monovacant and divacant graphene is reported. Complete/almost complete spin polarization is verified for V/Nb embedding in MV/DV graphene. The origin of magnetism has been identified via interaction of 3d-states of embedded trnasition metal atom with p-states of inequivalent C atoms present in the vicinity of embedding site. Band structure analysis has been performed to address the semiconducting behavior of graphene in minority spin channel on embedding V/Nb atom. The isosurface plots also confirm the magnetic nature of present nanosystems. Our results reveal that these nanosystems have potential for futuristic applications such as spintronics, energy resources and high frequency transistors.A truly two-dimensional honeycomb structure of carbons atoms is famous as "Graphene", which can be exfoliated from graphite in the form of one-atom thick monolayer [1]. Right from its discovery, graphene is considered as excellent candidate for several fundamental and technological interests in view of various properties such as scalability, chemical stability, ballistic transport at room temperature [2][3][4], high mobility of charge carriers [5] and high elasticity [6]. Additionally, a weak spin-orbit interaction among carbon atoms leads to a long spin relaxation length on the surface of graphene [7]. Hence, graphene is a potential substrate to use in spintronic devices, recording media, magnetic inks, spin qubits, spin valves and nanomagnetic magnetism [8][9].However, in spite of huge varieties of its novel applications, the use of graphene is rather limited due to its zero band gap [10][11]. Presently, many research efforts are directed towards inducing and fine tuning of band gap in graphene [12][13] and developing various approaches to effectively induce and manipulate the magnetic states in it which are crucial for its use in nanoscale devices [14][15][16]. Regarding magnetism, a lot of attentions were focused on the production of magnetic carbon from different routes like chemical vapour deposition [17-18], ion bombardment [19-20], nanofoam [21], ion implantation [22] etc. Spin polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations of magnetic properties of the vacancies and vacancy hydrogen complexes of graphite [23] showed that these defects lead to a macroscopic magnetic signal as also observed in experiments [24]. Firstly, Lehtinen et al [25] reported on vacancies in graphene nanosheets and analyzed the role of adatoms in diffusion over surfaces to generate a magnetic moment of ~ 0.5 µ B on graphene. Experimental [26-27] and theoretical [28-29] investigations demonstrated that the most preferred way to incorporate transition metals (TMs) impurities in graphene is to attach them to vacancies. Recently, Gan et al [30] using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observed substitutional Au and Pt atoms in graphene nanosheets increases the potential of graphene in spintronic applications. Wang et al [31] also found ...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
