Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of amphoteric galactomannan derivative for the mitigation of malachite green and congo red dye from aqueous solution

Abstract

Biopolymeric materials have been utilized for water treatments since ancient times.Consequently, there is a cumulative and persistent interest in the study of novel sustainable, inexpensive and natural biobased alternatives. Amphoteric derivatives of galactomannans are still unexplored and rarerly used materials to treat industrial wastes. The study was explored to synthesize and characterize amphoteric derivative of Cassia tora gum, a 1,5 galactomannan for its application as a potential adsorbent for mitigation of cationic (Malachite green) and anionic (Congo red) dyes by applying 'Taguchi design' (L9). The derivative was also studied for the conditioning of water using kaolin suspension. The results indicated that amphoteric derivative (anionic DS ~ 0.52 and cationic DS 0.197) is effective in maximum adsorption of Malachite green (73%) and Congo red (17 %) dyes and as a flocculant at a minimum dose of 10 ppm. The amphoteric derivative was characterized by Xray-diffraction, TG analysis and spectroscopic techniques.

Adsorptive removal of Cd (II) ions from wastewater using biosorbent of Tectona grandis leaves: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

“…The number of active sites on the TGLB surface reduced as the Cd (II) ions were adsorbed there because the metal ions competed for the few remaining empty sites, which delayed the rate of Cd (II) ion adsorption. The active adsorption sites were saturated in the later phase, as evidenced by the monotonous plot (Zuo et al, 2018;Sharma et al, 2021).…”