Synthesis, characterization, and immune efficacy of layered double hydroxide@SiO2 nanoparticles with shell-core structure as a delivery carrier for Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine

Abstract

Layered double hydroxide (LDH)@SiO 2 nanoparticles were developed as a delivery carrier for the plasmid DNA expressing the Newcastle disease virus F gene. The LDH was hydrotalcite-like materials. The plasmid DNA encapsulated in the LDH@SiO 2 nanoparticles (pFDNA-LDH@SiO 2 -NPs) was prepared by the coprecipitation method, and the properties of pFDNA-LDH@SiO 2 -NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results demonstrated that the pFDNA-LDH@SiO 2 -NPs had a regular morphology and high stability with a mean diameter of 371.93 nm, loading capacity of 39.66%±0.45%, and a zeta potential of +31.63 mV. A release assay in vitro showed that up to 91.36% of the total plasmid DNA could be sustainably released from the pFDNA-LDH@SiO 2 -NPs within 288 hours. The LDH@SiO 2 nanoparticles had very low toxicity. Additionally, their high transfection efficiency in vitro was detected by fluorescent microscopy. Intranasal immunization of specific pathogen-free chickens with pFDNA-LDH@SiO 2 -NPs induced stronger cellular, humoral, and mucosal immune responses and achieved a greater sustained release effect than intramuscular naked plasmid DNA, and the protective efficacy after challenge with the strain F 48 E 9 with highly virulent (mean death time of chicken embryos ≤60 hours, intracerebral pathogenicity index in 1 -day-old chickens >1.6) was 100%. Based on the results, LDH@SiO 2 nanoparticles can be used as a delivery carrier for mucosal immunity of Newcastle disease DNA vaccine, and have great application potential in the future.

2D Nanostructured Metal Hydroxides with Gene Delivery and Theranostic Functions; A Comprehensive Review

“…was also successful in synthesizing pFDNA‐LDH@SiO 2 ‐NPs with a modified coprecipitation method, which could be considered as an efficient and convenient route as shown in Figure (A). Though it was rather different from conventional synthetic methods, plasmid DNA (pFDNA) were loaded first on (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)‐SiO 2 with different mass ratios, and then thus prepared pFDNA‐SiO 2 ‐NPs colloidal suspension was slowly titrated into mixed metal (Mg 2+ , Al 3+ ) solution to obtain the ternary hybrid, pFDNA‐LDH@SiO 2 ‐NPs …”

“… Various synthesized routes to lattice engineered 2D bio‐inorganic nanohybids. (A) Coprecipitation: preparation of pFDNA‐LDH@SiO 2 ‐NPs, (B) ion‐exchange: powder X‐ray diffraction patterns for the pristine LDH and DNA‐LDH, and schematic structural models of the pristine LDH and DNA‐LDH, (C) exfoliation‐reassembling: scheme for the designed DNA@Inorganic Core‐Shell nanohybrid, and (D) mixing methods: DNA‐binding ability of 5‐FU/LDH nanocomplex. Lane 1: DNA ladder, Lane 2: dsDNA only, Lane 3: 5‐FU/LDH nanocomplex only, Lane 4–7: dsDNA‐5‐FU/LDH with the mass ratio from 1 : 5 to 1 : 40 …”

“…To securely store gene molecules in the interlayer space of LDH as a gene reservoir, three important chemical routes to gene‐LDHs have been well demonstrated as shown in Figure (A)–(C): coprecipitation,, ion‐exchange,,,,, and exfoliation‐reassembling ,…”

Newcastle disease vaccines—A solved problem or a continuous challenge?

“…Both systems also conferred protection upon challenge with virulent NDV and no clinical signs or microscopic lesions were observed in vaccinated birds, while 20% mortality and some hyperplastic changes were observed in the chickens vaccinated with a traditional commercial ND vaccine. Silver @SiO 2 and double hydroxide @SiO 2 nanoparticles have been developed for intranasal delivery of DNA ND vaccines (Zhao et al, 2015a(Zhao et al, , 2016a. In experiments with SPF chickens these SiO 2 nanoparticles showed very low toxicity, sustainable release after initial burst, and induced stronger cellular, humoral, and mucosal immune responses compared to the intramuscular administration of the same vaccine or the naked DNA plasmid.…”

Delivery system for mefenamic acid based on the nanocarrier layered double hydroxide: Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential

“…In the pharmaceutical and medical context, LDH is a very interesting matrix to be explored as a drug nanocarrier since it is biocompatible and the anionic form of bioactive drugs can be intercalated between its layers [1,9]. Therefore, since the first publication in 2001 by O'Hare group about the intercalation of commercial drugs into LDHs, [10] a growing interest in this layered material for nanotechnological purposes is noticed [1,11,12,13,14].…”