Synthesis, characterization, and microwave dielectric properties of Mg4Nb2O9 ceramics produced through the aqueous sol–gel process

Synthesis, characterization, and microwave dielectric properties of ixiolite-structure ZnTiNb2O8 ceramics through the aqueous sol–gel process

“…Now in order to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the sintering ability there were many other investigations of the chemical processing or special methods, which were developed as alternatives to the conventional solid-state reaction of mixed oxides for producing ceramics by using starting materials with smaller particle sizes. Among of all these methods, the sol-gel was undoubtedly one of useful process for producing powders with good control over stoichiometry and homogeneity, yielding nanosized particles and widely used in many other ceramics system [20][21][22][23]. However, at present few researches on the preparation of ZTN ceramics by the aqueous sol-gel process were reported in the present literatures.…”

A new temperature stable microwave dielectric ceramics: ZnTiNb2O8 sintered at low temperatures

“…And many researchers have developed several approaches to reduce the sintering temperature of the ceramics: (i) the usage of small particle sized starting materials synthesized by wet chemical methods such as the sol-gel and coprecipitation methods and (ii) the addition of low-melting glasses, oxide or mixed-oxide additives, such as ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (ZBS), Li 2 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. For the first approach, chemical synthesis complicates the manufacturing and increases the production cost.…”

Improvements in the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of fergusonite-type NdNbO4 ceramics

“…In order to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the sintering ability there were many other investigations of the chemical processing or other special methods [11,12], which had been developed as alternatives to the conventional solid-state reaction of mixed oxides for producing ceramics by using starting materials with smaller particle sizes. Among all these methods, the sol-gel was undoubtedly one of a useful process for producing powders with good control over stoichiometry and homogeneity, yielding nano-sized particles and widely used in many other ceramics systems [13][14][15][16]. However, few researches about the preparation of NdNbO 4 ceramics by the aqueous sol-gel process are reported in the present literature.…”