Synthesis, Characterization, and Solution Behavior of a Long-Chain Hydrophobic Association Anionic Acrylamide/2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropanesulfonic Acid/n-Octyl Acrylate Terpolymers

Qi, Guixue; Li, Hua-Bin; Zhu, Rui; Zhi, Zhang; Zhou, Linbo; Kuang, Jianchao

doi:10.1007/s13369-016-2408-8

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…42−47 However, a surfactant is undesirable because it may cause chain transfer effects and difficulties in purification of the resulting polymers. 46,56 Homogenous copolymerization generally involves organic solvent that is neither environmentally friendly nor easy to remove, and the resulting polymers are usually not soluble in the reaction medium. 48 Heterogenous copolymerization, such as inverse emulsion polymerization, requiring both surfactant and organic solvent, is also rarely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four main synthesis methods, including micellar, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and revised homogeneous copolymerization, have been summarized with the works performed for this subject over the past decade, tabulated in Table S1 of the Supporting Information. Micellar copolymerization with a large amount of surfactant is the most used method. − However, a surfactant is undesirable because it may cause chain transfer effects and difficulties in purification of the resulting polymers. , Homogenous copolymerization generally involves organic solvent that is neither environmentally friendly nor easy to remove, and the resulting polymers are usually not soluble in the reaction medium . Heterogenous copolymerization, such as inverse emulsion polymerization, requiring both surfactant and organic solvent, is also rarely used .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Oil Viscosity Reduction Performance of Novel Water-Soluble Terpolymers

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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A series of water-soluble terpolymers, poly(acrylamide/N-vinylpyrrolidone/N-(acrylamido propyl)-N,N-dimethyl,N-cetyl ammonium bromide) (ANAs), were synthesized through free radical copolymerization in water and applied for heavy oil viscosity reduction of Bohai heavy oil with high salinity. Test results showed that the solution of ANA-4 with a concentration of 1000 mg/L possesses moderate surface and interfacial activities, which could afford not only the optimal heavy oil viscosity reduction rate of 98.8% by emulsification under the high-salinity and high-temperature reservoir condition but also the fast dehydration of the formed oil-in-water emulsion within 2 h while standing at normal temperature. More importantly, dehydrated water was confirmed to be reusable with a heavy oil viscosity rate of more than 98% after 4 cycles. The mechanism of heavy oil viscosity reduction via emulsification and dehydration via demulsification was also discussed. The study provides an efficient and environmentally friendly candidate for heavy oil viscosity reduction under high-salinity conditions compared to previous heavy oil viscosity reducers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Oil Viscosity Reduction Performance of Novel Water-Soluble Terpolymers

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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“…Therefore, the intersection of the two lines in Figure 3 at 490 mg/L is assumed to be CAC. The CAC of DiPHAM, which is lower than common hydrophobic polymers (800-1500 mg/L), showed a strong hydrophobic effect, perhaps due to the symmetrical twin tailed hydrophobic chains introduced [18,19]. Various particle sizes (100-700 mg/L) in DiPHAM solutions were measured by DLS [20,21].…”

Section: Critical Association Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with Good Salt Tolerance

et al. 2018

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Abstract:A hydrophobic associating polymer named DiPHAM (acrylamide/sodium acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic/sodium acrylate/N,N-di-n-dodecylacrylamide) with good salt tolerance was synthesized via photo-initiation polymerization. The critical association concentration (CAC) of DiPHAM was determined by viscosity changes to be 490 mg/L with different DiPHAM concentrations and particle sizes varied under such dynamic conditions. The influences of aqueous metal ions with different charges on its aqueous solution were investigated by measuring apparent viscosity, viscoelasticity, thixotropy, rheology, and particle size, and by SEM observation. The apparent viscosity of the DiPHAM solution was affected by metal ions to some extent, but the viscosity of the polymer can be still maintained at 55 mPa·s under 20 × 10 4 mg/L NaCl. Divalent metal ions show greater impact on DiPHAM aqueous solutions, but the polymer solutions showed resistance to the changes caused in viscosity, structure, and viscoelasticity by Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions. The salt tolerance of DiPHAM is due to the combination of hydrophobic association, the electrostatic shield, and double layer compression of the hydration shell. Increasing the ion concentration enhances the dehydration and further compresses the hydration shell, making the non-structural viscosity decrease, even "salting out". Measurements of rheological properties showed that DiPHAM solutions could maintain a relatively high viscosity (0.6%-71 mPa·s/0.3%-50 mPa·s) after 120 min of continuous shearing (170 s −1 ) at 140 • C. Under high-salinity (5000 mg/L Ca 2+ /3000 mg/L Mg 2+ ) conditions, the solution with 0.6 wt% DiPHAM still maintained a high viscosity (50 mPa·s/70 mPa·s) after continuously shearing for 120 min at 120 • C and 170 s −1 . The good salt tolerance of DiPHAM can lead to a variety of applications, including in fracturing fluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and in sewage treatment.

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“…The CAC is 433.63 mg/L for the ZID 16 PM, which is lower than common hydrophobic polymers (800-1500 mg/L) and shows a stronger hydrophobic effect. This is due to the introduction of the symmetrical twin tailed hydrophobic chains [21,22]. Symmetrical twin tailed hydrophobic chains have a stronger hydrophobic effect and thickening performance than single tailed hydrophobic chains, and they will further increase the binding forces due to the hydrophobic interaction [17].…”

Section: Critical Association Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Zwitterionic Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with High Salt and Heat Tolerance in Brine-Based Fracturing Fluid

et al. 2019

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ZID16PM, a zwitterionic hydrophobic associating polymer, has equivalent positive and negative charges and some hydrophobic monomers with twin-tailed long hydrophobic chains. It exhibits a great heat resistance and salt tolerance to the common salt in formation brine (MgCl2, CaCl2, NaCl, and KCl), which is attributed to its anti-polyelectrolyte effect and strong association force. High-salinity water (seawater or formation water) can be prepared as a fracturing fluid directly. In this paper, the formation water of the West Sichuan Gas Field is directly prepared into fracturing fluid with a concentration of 0.3% ZID16PM (Fluid-1), and the seawater of the Gulf of Mexico is directly prepared into fracturing fluid with a concentration of 0.3% ZID16PM (Fluid-2). Finally, rheological measurements, proppant suspension tests, and core matrix permeability damage rate tests for the Fluid-1 and Fluid-2 are conducted. Results show that after 120 min of shearing at 140 and 160 °C, respectively, the viscosity of Fluid-1 remains in the range of 50–85 mPa·s, and the viscosity of Fluid-2 remains in the range of 60–95 mPa·s. And the wastewater produced by an oilfield in Shaanxi, Xinjiang, and Jiangsu are also prepared into fracturing fluids with a concentration of 0.3% ZID16PM, the viscosity of these fracturing fluids can remain 32, 42, and 45 mPa·s, respectively, after 120 min of shearing at 160 °C. All results demonstrate that the polymer ZID16PM displays prominent performance in fracturing fluids.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Solution Behavior of a Long-Chain Hydrophobic Association Anionic Acrylamide/2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropanesulfonic Acid/n-Octyl Acrylate Terpolymers

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Heavy Oil Viscosity Reduction Performance of Novel Water-Soluble Terpolymers

Heavy Oil Viscosity Reduction Performance of Novel Water-Soluble Terpolymers

Novel Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with Good Salt Tolerance

Application of a Zwitterionic Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with High Salt and Heat Tolerance in Brine-Based Fracturing Fluid

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