A new series of 5-acetylbarbituric based thiosemicarbazones named 5-acetylbarbituric hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (Acb4NDH, 1),and N′-hexamethyleneimine-(5-acetylbarbituric)-1-carbothiohydrazide (Acb4Nhexim, 6), has been synthesized from 5-acetylbarbituric acid and N-unsubstituted/substituted thiosemicarbazides. The synthesized compounds were well characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1 H, 13 C NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. Three-dimensional molecular structures of three compounds (1, 2 and 6) and of N,3-dimethyl-4-(5-(methylamino)-1,3,4λ 4 -thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide ethyl sulfate salt (7) were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa-229 cancer cell line.