Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties of peripherally tetra benzodioxane substituted metal-free phthalocyanine and its zinc(II) and magnesium(II) derivatives

Water-soluble phthalocyanine photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

“…Fluorescence lifetime (τ F ) attributes to the average time a molecule remains in the excited state before fluorescence and is closely related to fluorescence quantum yield. It is very important to determine these values since an ideal photosensitizer should have a certain fluorescence quantum efficiency and fluorescence lifetime for the determination of the photosensitizers in the body [ 50 ]. The optimum fluorescence quantum yield is an essential component for the photosensitizer due to its deposition and subsequent evacuation from the tissue.…”

Peripherally, non-peripherally and axially pyrazoline-fused phthalocyanines: synthesis, aggregation behaviour, fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation, and photodegradation studies

“…Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are second-generation photosensitizers and widely used photosensitizing agents for PDT due to their ideal properties, such as low toxicity in the dark, strong absorption in the therapeutic region of PDT, high stability, biocompatibility, and high singlet oxygen quantum yields for efficient ROS generation. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In addition, these compounds are used in many modern application areas, such as electrochemistry, photocatalysis, anticancer drugs, and solar cells. [17][18][19][20] The nature of the metal ion in the center of the phthalocyanine ring, the substituents attached to the ring, and the binding positions of the substituents significantly affect the photophysical and photochemical properties of the compounds (Fig.…”

Enhanced Visible Light Absorption and Photophysical Features of Novel Isomeric Magnesium Phthalocyaninates with Cyanophenoxy Substitution

“…Additionally, these compounds are suitable photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications, with their high absorption in the visible region, absence of toxicity in the dark, high stability in solutions, high singlet oxygen yield, and high selectivity for high-quality tissues [7][8][9]. In addition, the phthalocyanine ring can exhibit redox properties due to the high level of π-electron delocalization [10,11].…”