Synthesis, characterization, properties, and use of new fusidate organotin complexes as additives to inhibit poly(vinyl chloride) photodegradation

Mahmood, Zinah N.; Yousif, Emad; Alias, M. F. A.; El‐Hiti, Gamal A.; Ahmed, Dina S.

doi:10.1007/s10965-020-02245-8

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recently, we synthesized a range of UV stabilizers (e.g., aromatics, heterocycles, Schiff bases, organometallic complexes, and polyphosphates) and tested their efficiency for the stabilization of polymers [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ]. These additives, at a low concentration of 0.5% by weight, led to a significant improvement in the photostability of polymers.…”

Section: Photostabilization Of Polymers Using Uv Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

et al. 2021

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The photooxidative degradation process of plastics caused by ultraviolet irradiation leads to bond breaking, crosslinking, the elimination of volatiles, formation of free radicals, and decreases in weight and molecular weight. Photodegradation deteriorates both the mechanical and physical properties of plastics and affects their predicted life use, in particular for applications in harsh environments. Plastics have many benefits, while on the other hand, they have numerous disadvantages, such as photodegradation and photooxidation in harsh environments and the release of toxic substances due to the leaching of some components, which have a negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, attention is paid to the design and use of safe, plastic, ultraviolet stabilizers that do not pose a danger to the environment if released. Plastic ultraviolet photostabilizers act as efficient light screeners (absorbers or pigments), excited-state deactivators (quenchers), hydroperoxide decomposers, and radical scavengers. Ultraviolet absorbers are cheap to produce, can be used in low concentrations, mix well with polymers to produce a homogenous matrix, and do not alter the color of polymers. Recently, polyphosphates, Schiff bases, and organometallic complexes were synthesized and used as potential ultraviolet absorbers for polymeric materials. They reduced the damage caused by accelerated and natural ultraviolet aging, which was confirmed by inspecting the surface morphology of irradiated polymeric films. For example, atomic force microscopy revealed that the roughness factor of polymers’ irradiated surfaces was improved significantly in the presence of ultraviolet absorbers. In addition, the investigation of the surface of irradiated polymers using scanning electron microscopy showed a high degree of homogeneity and the appearance of pores that were different in size and shape. The current work surveys for the first time the use of newly synthesized, ultraviolet absorbers as additives to enhance the photostability of polymeric materials and, in particular, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, based mainly on our own recent work in the field.

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Section: Photostabilization Of Polymers Using Uv Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

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“…The biological performance of organotin compounds is dependent on the nature of organic units and the number and types of substituents (alkyl or aryl) present [38]. We recently successfully synthesized various organotin complexes and investigated their uses as PVC photostabilizers [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Continuing our interest in the polymer photostabilization subject, we can now report the successful synthesis of different tin complexes containing the mefenamic unit and their effect in enhancing the PVC photostabilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photostabilization of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films Blended with Organotin Complexes of Mefenamic Acid for Outdoor Applications

et al. 2021

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This study develops a process for enhancing the photostabilization of PVC films blended with a low concentration of mefenamate–tin complex. One tri-substituted and three di-substituted organotin complexes containing mefenamate unit are synthesized, and their chemical structures are established. The reactions of mefenamic acid and a number of substituted tin chlorides gave the corresponding tin complexes in 70–77% yields. Tin complexes were blended with PVC and thin films. The effect of the addition of additives against long-term irradiation (290–400 nm, 300 h) is also tested. Changes in the infrared spectra, weight, and surface of the PVC blends due to irradiation are examined and analyzed. Any damage to the PVC surface and its chemical degradation level are noticeably low in the presence of additives. Minimal photodegradation levels and surface changes of the irradiated PVC films are observed when the triphenyltin complex is used. Such a complex is highly aromatic and can act as an ultraviolet irradiation absorber and a scavenger for hydrogen chloride and radicals produced due to the photooxidation and photoirradiation of PVC films.

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“…Banned additives include flame retardants (e.g., chlorinated biphenyls), plasticizers (e.g., phthalates), stabilizers (e.g., phosphites), and those containing metals [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Various additives such as polyphosphates [ 24 ], polybenzimidazoles [ 25 ], metal oxides [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], pigments [ 29 ], Schiff bases [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], and substituted tin complexes containing aromatic moieties [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] have been used to improve photostability of PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR, Weight, and Surface Morphology of Poly(vinyl chloride) Doped with Tin Complexes Containing Aromatic and Heterocyclic Moieties

et al. 2021

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Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is an important synthetic plastic that is produced in large quantities (millions of tons) annually. Additives to PVC are necessary to allow its use in many applications, particularly in harsh conditions. In regard to this, investigation of the synthesis of trimethoprim–tin complexes and their use as PVC additives is reported. Trimethoprim–tin complexes were obtained from the reaction of trimethoprim and tin chlorides using simple procedures. Trimethoprim–tin complexes (0.5% by weight) were added to PVC to produce homogenous mixtures and thin films were made. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the surface and properties of the PVC films was investigated. The level of both photodecomposition and photo-oxidation of PVC films containing trimethoprim–tin complexes was observed to be lower than for the blank film. The effectiveness of tin complexes as PVC photostabilizers reflects the aromaticity of the additives. The complex containing three phenyl groups attached to the tin cation showed the most stabilizing effect on PVC. The complex containing two phenyl groups was next, with the one containing butyl substituents resulting in the least stabilization of PVC. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of the synthesized complexes in PVC photostabilization.

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Synthesis, characterization, properties, and use of new fusidate organotin complexes as additives to inhibit poly(vinyl chloride) photodegradation

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

Photostabilization of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films Blended with Organotin Complexes of Mefenamic Acid for Outdoor Applications

FTIR, Weight, and Surface Morphology of Poly(vinyl chloride) Doped with Tin Complexes Containing Aromatic and Heterocyclic Moieties

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