Photoactive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have lately emerged as a class of crystalline porous materials, which provides an advanced platform to develop catalysts for the photocatalytic decolorization of wastewater. Controllable integration of pure MOFs into other active materials creates fabrication protocols for new multifunctional hybrids with superior photocatalytic properties for dye degradation into individual components, and the calcination of transition‐metal MOF precursors affords a convenient and practical route for preparation of nanosized photocatalysts with novel structures and good purity. Although the application of pure MOFs for organic pollutant decomposition has been reviewed previously, there have been significant advances in diverse MOF‐based composites and their derivatives for dye degradation, which have rarely been reviewed. This review aims to fill this gap and discuss the various influencing factors, the reaction kinetics, and mechanisms of dye degradation, considering the period from 2014 to 2016. Finally, the challenges and outlooks for dye decomposition by MOF‐based materials are suggested.