Synthesis, full chemical characterisation and development of validated methods for the quantification of (±)-4′-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone): A new “legal high”

Santali, Eman Y.; Cadogan, Anna-Karina; Daéid, Niamh Nic; Savage, Katy; Sutcliffe, Oliver B.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.022

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The achieved LOQ levels (10 ng/mL for methylone and mephedrone and 5 ng/mL for MDPV) were adequate for the execution of our pharmacokinetic study and are similar to those reported using a more sensitive mass spectrometer (13) and more sensitive than other previously published methods (42,46). Additionally, the limit of detection (LOD) was 5 ng/mL for methylone and mephedrone and 1 ng/mL for MDPV.…”

Section: Methods Validationsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Quantification of Synthetic Cathinones in Rat Brain Using HILIC–ESI-MS/MS

et al. 2016

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The abuse of synthetic cathinones, formerly marketed as "bath salts", has emerged over the last decade. Three common drugs in this class include 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone). An LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone in brain tissue. Briefly, MDPV, mephedrone, methylone, and their deuterium-labeled analogs were subjected to solid phase extraction (SPE) and separated using an HILIC Silica Column. The HPLC was coupled to a Shimadzu IT-TOF (ion trap-time of flight) system with the electrospray source running in positive mode (+ESI). The method was validated for precision, accuracy, and extraction efficiency. All inter-day and intra-day % RSD (percent relative standard deviation) and % error values were less than 15% and extraction efficiency exceeded 80%. These conditions allowed for limits of detection of 1ng/mL for MDPV, and 5 ng/mL for both mephedrone and methylone. The limits of quantification were determined to be 5ng/mL for MDPV and 10 ng/mL for mephedrone and methylone. The method was utilized to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of these drugs in adult male rats following administration of a drug cocktail including MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone. All three compounds reached peak concentrations in the brain within 15 min. Although methylone and mephedrone were administered at the same dose, the peak concentration (C max ) of mephedrone in the brain was significantly higher than that for methylone, as was the area under the curve (AUC). In summary, this quick and sensitive method for measuring synthetic cathinones may be used for future pharmacokinetic investigations of these drugs in target tissue.

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Section: Methods Validationsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Initial method development for the quantification of mephedrone, methylone, and MDPV focused on the utilization of a traditional C18 column (13,41,42). However, poor peak shape under reversephase conditions led to our implementation of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC).…”

Section: Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Synthetic Cathinones in Rat Brain Using HILIC–ESI-MS/MS

et al. 2016

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“…The exact importance of the lower VMAT-2 affinity is currently unknown, but because 4-MMC is also a weak base (Santali et al, 2011), it is likely that it is also capable of inducing neurotransmitter efflux from secretory vesicles in a similar way as other amphetamines. In vivo, 4-MMC produces an effect somewhere in between MDMA and AMPH, producing large increases in both DA and 5-HT levels in the NAc, whereas MDMC produces a neurotransmitter release pattern similar to but slightly weaker than MDMA, increasing primarily 5-HT levels (Kehr et al, 2011;Baumann et al, 2012;Wright et al, 2012).…”

Section: Action Of Substituted Amphetamines and Cathinonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse

Korpi¹,

Hollander²,

Farooq

et al. 2015

Pharmacol Rev

130

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“…Various analytical methods such as HPLC and GC-MS has been developed to identify the presence of cathinone [2][3]. However, these methods, in general, require a long time of analysis, special operation skill, and immobile analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Effective Functional Monomer and Solvent for R(+)-Cathinone Imprinted Polymer Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approaches

et al. 2017

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Determination of effective functional monomer and solvent for R(+)-cathinone imprinted polymer through modeling has been done using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches. The selection criteria of the best monomer and solvent are based on the classical potential energy (ΔEMM) from molecular dynamics simulation and confirmed further by quantum potential energy (ΔEDFT) from DFT calculation. The DFT calculation was performed in B3LYP exchange-correlation functional within the 6-31G(d) basis set of function including Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) solvation effect. From this research, it is obtained that N,N'-methylene bis acrylamide and chloroform are respectively the best candidates for effective functional monomer and solvent, for the synthesis of R(+)-cathinone imprinted polymer. Keywords: R(+)-cathinone; molecular imprinted polymer; functional monomer; molecular dynamics; DFT calculation ABSTRAK Pemilihan monomer fungsional dan pelarut yang efektif untuk rancangan polimer tercetak molekul R(+)-kathinon telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemodelan berbasis perhitungan teori kerapatan fungsi (Density Functional Theory, DFT) dan simulasi dinamika molekular (Molecular Dynamics, MD). Kriteria seleksi monomer fungsional dan pelarut terbaik adalah berdasarkan energi ikat (ΔEMM) yang diperoleh dari simulasi MD dan dikonfirmasi dari energi ikat (ΔEDFT) hasil perhitungan DFT. Perhitungan DFT dijalankan pada fungsi B3LYP exchange-correlation functional dengan himpunan basis 6-31G(d) yang melibatkan efek pelarutan Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa N,N'-metilen bis akrilamida dan khloroform dapat dipilih sebagai kandidat terbaik sebagai monomer fungsional dan pelarut untuk keperluan sintesis polimer tercetak R(+)-kathinon.

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Synthesis, full chemical characterisation and development of validated methods for the quantification of (±)-4′-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone): A new “legal high”

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Quantification of Synthetic Cathinones in Rat Brain Using HILIC–ESI-MS/MS

Quantification of Synthetic Cathinones in Rat Brain Using HILIC–ESI-MS/MS

Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse

Determination of Effective Functional Monomer and Solvent for R(+)-Cathinone Imprinted Polymer Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approaches

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