“…The main progress in this area has been well reviewed ( Cao et al, 2019 ; Sivaraman et al, 2018 ; Udhayakumari et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2017 ), and many fluorescent chemosensors for Cu 2+ ion based on various fluorophores such as coumarin ( Zhang et al, 2019 ), Bodipy ( Ömeroğlu et al, 2021 ), rhodamine ( Fernandes and Raimundo, 2021 ), Schiff base ( Singh et al, 2020 ), pyrene ( Kowser et al, 2021 ), and 1,3,4-oxadiazole ( Wang, et al, 2018 ) have been reported by different research groups. Among these fluorescent chemosensors, the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles have drawn special interest due to their electron-deficient nature, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and excellent chemical stability, and have found practical applications in the fields of organic light-emitting diodes ( Meng et al, 2020 ) and liquid crystals ( Han et al, 2013 ; Han et al, 2015 ; Han et al, 2018 ). In addition, the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole unit can provide potential coordination sites with metal ions, which makes it usable as a signaling component in fluorescent chemosensors.…”