Synthesis of 3-n-butyltetrahydrophthalides

Abstract

CNIDILIDE, neocnidilide, and isocnidilide, whichWe now describe a synthesis of lactones having occur in the roots of Cnidium oficinalel the gross structure of (I) and ( 11). are 3-n-butyltetrahydrophthalides with the Reaction of ethyl pentadienoate (111)3 with configurations shown1,* in (I; R = p-H), (11; acraldehyde at 90" for 9 hr. gave a 40% yield of R = a-H) and (11; R = p-H) respectively. ethyl 2-formylcyclohex-&enoate (IV), b.p. 83"/0.3

The Structural Diversity of Phthalides from the Apiaceae

“…Many of the reported syntheses were either in support of structure determination or to provide increased quantities of phthalides for bioactivity testing. The following are compounds synthesized and their corresponding references: compound 1 , , 5 , , 7 , 8 , − 9 , 11 , ,− 20 , − 34 , ,, 35 , − 36 , 37 , 56 , 60 , 64 , , 68 , and 69…”

Mercy Killing, Partial Defences and Charge Decisions: 50 Shades of Grey

“…It is debatable. Though situations such as those in Cocker 134 would have inevitably benefited (and relieved the husband the awful task), it is questionable in others such as Inglis and Knight, where the victim may have been unable to communicate their wishes. Regardless of this, a positive effect in even a small number of cases would be advantageous, but this seems a very unlikely prospect and certainly no solution for cases like Knight's.…”