Synthesis of a high-performance Z-scheme 2D/2D WO3@CoFe-LDH nanocomposite for the synchronic degradation of the mixture azo dyes by sonocatalytic ozonation process

Recent Achievements in Dyes Removal Focused on Advanced Oxidation Processes Integrated with Biological Methods

“…Synthesizing of new, efficient, nature-based, or waste-originating adsorbents, kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on biosorption [42][43][44][45][46] Coagulation/flocculation Synthesizing of new, efficient, nature-based, or waste-originating coagulants and acceleration of sedimentation by magnetic field [47][48][49][50][51][52] Electro-coagulation Ultra-sound assistance, nanofilms on cathodes and solar power usage [53][54][55][56][57][58] Electrochemical oxidation Air-diffusion cathodes, new materials and coatings of electrodes, membrane anode and electro-peroxone process [59][60][61][62][63][64] Membrane filtration Novel membrane materials, with addition of graphene, stabilization of membranes by biomacromolecules [65][66][67][68][69][70] Ozonation Catalyst addition, enhancement by ultrasound and hydrodynamic cavitation [71][72][73][74][75] O 3 /UV Photocatalytic membranes [76] O 3 /H 2 O 2 Proposal of the degradation mechanism, enhancement by electrolysis, heterogenous catalyst addition [77][78][79] UV/H 2 O 2…”

Synthesis of a magnetically separable LDH-based S-scheme nano-heterojunction for the activation of peroxymonosulfate towards the efficient visible-light photodegradation of diethyl phthalate

“…The magnetic characterization of the synthesized samples was studied by a typical vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, Lakeshore, 7400 Series). Furthermore, the produced hydroxyl radicals were detected by using a simple method using terephthalic acid (TA) as a probe [17].…”

“…However, the influence of the radical scavenging agents on the performance of the DEP degradation followed the order of IPA>TBA>EDTA>BQ affirming the predominant contribution of SO A set of experiments were done to deeply investigate the type of the prepared heterojunction and define the separation and transfer pathway of the charge carriers between the semiconductors. In this regard, the CB and VB of the semiconductors were determined by using XPS valance band spectra [17]. Therefore, the XPS valance spectra of the materials presented in Fig.…”

“…Different methods such as ESR, or photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy in the presence of different radical scavengers have been used for the confirmation of the charge carrier transference mechanism of the photocatalysts [58,59]. Therefore, in order to further confirm the S-scheme mechanism, we used the • OH trapping method in which non-fluorescence terephthalic acid (TA) can be used as the probe agent [17]. In the course of the reaction between generated • OH with TA, a fluorescent 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (HTA) can be produced which can be followed by the fluorescence spectroscopy.…”

“…Therefore, different researchers have combined the advantages of each photocatalyst by synthesizing different heterojunctions [16]. According to the literature review [17,18], the heterojunctions composed of a semiconductor (SC) with higher CB and VB position than those in other SC, can result in the type II heterojunction. It is widely believed that in the type II heterojunctions the photogenerated electrons of SC (I) can be accumulated on the CB of SC (II), and also the photogenerated holes can be gathered on SC (I) [19].…”