Synthesis of a novel aluminium salt of nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate with high char formation to flame retard acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene

Abstract

A novel nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate salt—aluminium β-(p-nitrobenzamide) ethyl methyl phosphinate (AlNP) was synthesized and used to flame retard acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS). The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 1 H, 13 C and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) were applied to characterize the structure and composition of products. The flame retardancy performance, thermal properties and mechanical strength of the ABS/AlNP with respect to AlNP loading were investigated. AlNP was stable before 330°C and decomposed very slowly with residues high up to 56.1% at 700°C. Adding 25–30 wt% of AlNP alone can make ABS to pass V0 rating in the vertical burning tests (UL 94). The results according to the micro combustion calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis showed that AlNP can depress the heating release and retard the thermal degradation of the ABS. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the residues from LOI test indicated that AlNP formed the condensed and tough residues layer during combustion; XRF analysis showed that the residues contained phosphorus and aluminium element and nitrogen element was not detected. The compact phosphorus/aluminium-rich substance acted as a barrier to enhance flame-retardant properties of the ABS.

Influence of char‐forming lignin in combination with aluminium phosphinate on thermal stability and combustion properties of polyamide 11 blends

“…However, partially non-fusible AlP particles are found in the polymer matrix. Similar morphology of AlP in other polymer matrices has been reported in the literature 31,32. As far as the dispersion of AlP in the ternary blends is concerned, the micrograph of the PA 80 -DL 10 -AlP 10 blend shows that the dispersion of AlP particles is homogenous as no aggregation is observed.…”

Systematic evaluation of bromine‐free flame‐retardant systems in acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene

“…Recent studies present halogen-free flame-retardant systems for ABS with less pronounced reduction in impact strength. 25 F I G U R E 4 Mass loss as measured by TGA under air flow for AlPi, AlPi/APP, AlPi/APP/EG280 and AlPi/APP/Kemgard in ABS. Left: Full temperature range, right: Zoom into low-temperature area.…”

“…[21][22][23][24] Moreover, a recent publication presents a novel aluminum phosphinate flameretardant for ABS, indicating promising performance. 25 Some of these publications could prove synergistic effects of the studied combinations or improvements compared to a certain reference material. However, the information available in the open literature does not allow any comparison of the systems studied in different contributions, as different materials, processing methods and test methods were applied.…”

“…Moreover, the influence of the flame-retardant systems and especially phosphorus-based flame-retardants on the mechanical performance of ABS is only reported in few articles. 8,11,24,25 Another aspect that is missing in many studies is the influence of the studied systems on the smoke production during fire. This is an important aspect, as fire regulations are being revised to include limits in smoke production and smoke toxicity.…”

The effect of a phosphorus-based FR on the fire performance and flammability properties of basalt fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites

“…Although the most effective flame retardants (FR) are halogen-containing compounds used in the ABS, their environmentally hazardous effects highlight the use priority of halogen-free FR compounds, such as phosphorus-, silicon-, nitrogen-, and other elements-based [ 2 ]. In the literature, phosphorus-based compounds are the most commonly used, halogen-free FR chemicals in the ABS, including aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) [ 2 , 4 – 9 ], aluminum diethyl phosphinate [ 9 , 29 ], ammonium polyphosphate (APP) [ 1 , 4 , 10 – 19 ], red phosphorus (RP) [ 14 ], diphenyl phosphate [ 20 , 21 ], DOPO derivatives [ 21 – 24 ], aryl-phosphates compounds [ 25 , 26 ], phosphorus-nitrogen containing phenol formaldehyde [ 27 ], nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate [ 28 ], piperazine pyrophosphate [ 29 ], and melamine phosphate [ 30 ].…”