A new type of carbazole-based blue-emitting dendritic conjugated polymer, poly[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-co-4,4’,4”-triphenylamine-co-9-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-3,6-carbazole](P), was successfully synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Chemical structures of monomers and polymer were verified by FI-IR and
1
HNMR characterizations. We found that polymer showed a special selectivity and high sensitivity for I
−
. With the addition of I
−
, the fluorescent polymer solution was obviously quenched. The polymer showed a special detection effect on I
−
. However, the fluorescent polymer was obviously restored when Hg
2+
was added to the P/I
−
system due to the large complexation between I
−
and Hg
2+
. The anti-interference experiments of probe P/I
−
showed that other background cations have a slight influence on detecting Hg
2+
, and the calculated detection limit of Hg
2+
reached 9.7 × 10
−8
M, which could be a potential application for a two-channel cyclic detection of I
−
and Hg
2+
. Additionally, it was found that the theoretical values were in agreement with the experimental data.