Synthesis of a PEGylated Dopamine Ester with Enhanced Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

Abstract

Drug–polymer conjugation is a simple and efficient approach to synthesizing new, effective, and potent antimicrobial agents to counter the problem of microbial resistance. In the present study, a PEGylated dopamine ester (PDE) was synthesized using the PEGylation process and synthesis of PDE was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis (CHNS–O), and atomic force microscopy techniques. Later, the antimicrobial activity of PDE was assessed against four strains of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris; Gram (−)) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus) by the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PDE was also determined by the broth dilution method against bacteria. PDE showed significant zones of inhibition ranged from 21 to 27 mm for bacteria and 16 to 20 mm for fungi under study, which were much higher than those for dopamine hydrochloride. MIC values of PDE showed its potential antimicrobial property.

Preparation, spectroscopic study of Schiff base derived from dopamine and metal Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) complexes, and activity determination as antioxidants

“…This is due to the coordination and hydrogen‐donor of the hydroxyl groups and occupied orbitals in metal ions. [ 1 ]…”

“…DA had also been used to synthesize numerous herbicides and drugs. [ 1 ] DA is one of a good number of natural tryptamine derivatives occurring in plants and animals such as serotonin, melatonin, gramine, histamine, octopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. [ 2,3 ] Tryptamine derivatives have significant properties such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation, vasoconstriction, and vasodilation and are antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, and antidepressant.…”

Molecularly imprinted polymers and capillary electrophoresis for sensing phytoestrogens in milk

“…Moreover, the distinct signals were assigned to the structural features specific to dopamine and biochanin A (template and sample molecule). These are based on previous studies (Sekine et al, 2011;Capeletti and Zimnoch, 2016;Thakur et al, 2018) and are marked in Supplemental Figure S2B. Finally, the binding abilities were supported by MAL-DI-TOF MS imaging analysis.…”

Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

“…It is also clear that the peak at 3031 cm −1 originating from C–H stretching vibrations was shifted to 3008 cm −1 and increased in intensity due to the –NH group. The peak located at 2882 cm −1 was shifted slightly to 2904 cm −1 due to alkyl C−H stretching [ 68 ]. The intensity of the observed peak around 1507 cm −1 was increased due to aromatic C=C stretching, and the peak located around 1287 cm −1 originated due to amine C–N stretching [ 68 , 69 ].…”

“…The peak located at 2882 cm −1 was shifted slightly to 2904 cm −1 due to alkyl C−H stretching [ 68 ]. The intensity of the observed peak around 1507 cm −1 was increased due to aromatic C=C stretching, and the peak located around 1287 cm −1 originated due to amine C–N stretching [ 68 , 69 ]. These findings confirmed the reaction between DA and CQD film and revealed that once DA was introduced, the functional groups of CQDs altered conformationally.…”