Synthesis of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 nanocrystalline powders by stearic acid gel method

Properties of praseodymium-doped bismuth potassium titanate (Bi0.5K0.5TiO3) synthesised using the soft combustion technique

“…A gradual weight loss also occurred in the temperature range of 380-550 • C, also attributable to decomposition of physically and chemically absorbed water. Moreover, the decomposition of nitrate materials of Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O and KNO 3 also took place at this temperature [15]. In addition, weight loss was also observed at 550-700 • C. This weight loss could be due to the solid state reaction of the starting materials to form BKT powder.…”

Preparation and characterization of sol–gel derived sodium–potassium bismuth titanate powders and thick films deposited by screen printing

“…The use of precursor solution leads to more homogeneous and reactive powders that densify at lower temperatures limiting in this way the loss of volatile Bi, K and Na element. Several chemical solution methods, such as conventional sol-gel [12], hydrothermal synthesis [13], stearic acid gel [14], and mechanochemical synthesis [15] were applied for the preparation of NBT-based ceramics. Among these methods the sol-gel process is a popular chemical method for the preparation of fine powders and ceramic coatings and this process offers low capital investment cost.…”

Structure and electrical properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)1−x Ba x TiO3 ceramics made by a citrate method

“…Recently, research efforts have been devoted to the preparation of the material by various chemical methods, such as citrate method [7], hydrothermal process [8] and stearic acid gel route [9]. Our previous research demonstrated that the citrate method allows the production of fine and homogeneous NBT-BT (x) powders at relatively low calcining temperature [10].…”