“…Model checking and symbolic reasoning have been used to verify properties of manually constructed biological models , complete partially specified pathways using perturbation data (Köksal et al, 2013), and synthesize gene regulatory networks directly from data (Dunn et al, 2014;Moignard et al, 2015) (reviewed in ). In addition, other types of declarative approaches, such as integer programming (Budak et al, 2015;Chasman et al, 2014;Jain et al, 2016;Ourfali et al, 2007;Sharan and Karp, 2013;Silverbush and Sharan, 2014) and answer set programming (Guziolowski et al, 2013), have been applied to biological pathway analysis.…”