Synthesis of Branched Biolubricant Base Oil from Oleic Acid

Chen, Shuang; Wu, Tingting; Zhao, Chen

doi:10.1002/cssc.202001551

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Compared with references [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], the blending formula of the six performance indexes proposed in this paper are simple in form and convenient in calculation, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the measured values, which can well predict the related indexes of the blended oil. Compared with references [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], the blending formula of the six performance indexes proposed in this paper are simple in form and convenient in calculation, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the measured values, which can well predict the related indexes of the blended oil.…”

Section: Blending Schemementioning

confidence: 58%

“…The chemical composition of oil products and additives [5] is very complex, and their physical and chemical properties generally do not have an additive effect, so the blending of lubricating oil is mostly nonlinear. In addition, the performance indexes of lubricating oil mainly include viscosity [6][7][8], freezing point [9], acid value [10], flash point [11], oxidation stability [12,13], residual carbon [14], and so on. Therefore, the optimization of the design of a lubricating oil blending scheme [15] mainly includes two aspects: one is to select the base oils reasonably to meet the performance index requirements of the blended product; the other is to establish the blending mathematical model [16] and determine the blending scheme of each base oil on the premise of meeting the product performance indexes.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Industrial Lubricants Based on Integer Nonlinear Programming

Yuan

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Based on actual lubricating oil production data and the base oil performance indexes of an enterprise, two nonlinear blending schemes corresponding to viscosity and freezing point and four linear blending schemes corresponding to acid value, flash point, oxidation stability, and carbon residue are given in this paper. On the premise that the error of each index is less than 5%, a linear weighted multi-objective optimization model based on integer nonlinear programming considering cost and performance is established, and the lubricating oil blending scheme is obtained. The results show that the blending formula is simple in form and convenient in calculation, and that the overall consistency between the calculated value and the measured value is good. At the same time, the relative error of each performance index, except residual carbon, of the scheme with weight value of (0.5, 0.5) is far less than 5%. Although the performance index is slightly inferior to that of the scheme with a weight value of (0, 1), it is far higher than that of the scheme with a weight value of (1, 0). The linear weighted multi-objective optimization model based on integer nonlinear programming proposed in this paper can well-optimize the blending scheme of industrial lubricating oil, and can re-select different weight combinations according to the actual situation, providing good prospects for application.

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Section: Blending Schemementioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Industrial Lubricants Based on Integer Nonlinear Programming

Yuan

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Using oleic acid as the only raw material, these authors synthetized highly branched long-chain tertiary alcohols via Grignard reaction and then employed deoxidization and hydrogenation to prepare a biolubricant with a specific-structure full-carbon chain. The pour point of the as-obtained lubricant was lower than −50 °C, while the viscosity index reached 140 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Production of Highly Symmetrical and Branched Biolubricants from Lignocellulose-Derived Furan Compounds

Chen

Zhao

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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With the aim to prepare a high-performance biolubricant equivalent to poly-α-olefin, we created a T-shaped biolubricant base oil by multisite C−C coupling of small molecules containing furan rings. The aldehyde and hydroxyl groups on cellulose-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were used as active functional groups. Activated carbocations were generated via solvent-free protonation of the aldehyde and hydroxyl groups on the acid. Then, one-pot triple C−C couplings were achieved to extend the carbon chain through hydroxyalkylation/alkylation with hemicellulosederived C 8 −C 10 2-alkylfuran. Highly branched C 30 , C 33 , and C 36 precursors with furan rings were obtained (yield: 91−93%). Side reactions included self-polymerization of alkylfuran and ring-opening isomerization of furan rings. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and kinetic studies showed that the reaction between HMF and alkylfuran conformed to firstorder reaction kinetics, with a reaction constant (k) of 0.2 min −1 and an activation energy (E a ) of 61.2 kJ/mol. The obtained precursor either underwent selective hydrogenation of the furan rings to yield a highly branched epoxy ether biolubricant or was converted into a highly branched and symmetric T-shaped full-carbon biolubricant by complete hydrodeoxygenation. This strategy provides a simple and feasible solution for the ingenious design of long-chain symmetrical biolubricant alkanes through one-pot multisite C−C coupling of small furan ring molecules starting from lignocellulose. In addition, the proposed route for the development of high-quality biolubricant base oil is highly innovative and economically feasible.

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“…Ebikade et al employed the HAA reaction to synthesize two types of branched chain lubricant base oils: (1) BBL (branched benzene lubricant) via hydroxyalkylation/alkylation of guaiacol derived from lignin and lauryl aldehyde, and (2) BCL (branched cyclic lubricant) via hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) of BBL products. Our group has produced T-type and branch-type biolubricant base oils using 5-hydroxymethylfurfural derived from cellulose, and alkyl furans derived from hemicellulose through alkylation, or fatty acid esters with Grignard reagent in the Grignard reaction, followed by hydrodeoxygenation. − However, many of these reaction processes are energy-intensive and expensive, and the synthesis steps are laborious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Starfish-Type Biolubricants

Liu,

Chen,

Gao

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The molecular structure of the lubricating oil highly influences the properties of materials, and the construction of long hydrocarbon structures with highly symmetrical branches is quite challenging. In this work, the efficient coupling of modular molecules (furan, furfural, and aliphatic aldehyde) to C 30 −C 36 starfishtype polyfuran-ring compounds (78% mass yield) was successfully synthesized using a one-pot method at atmospheric pressure, while functionalized SH-containing porous solid phosphate (P/PMO-SH) catalysts were designed and used to catalyze multistep C−C chain alkylation reactions with high spatial site resistance. The in situ introduction of −SH functional groups into P/PMO facilitates the high dispersion of phosphoric acid due to the high specific surface area and well-developed pore structure of the support. In situ infrared experiments provided additional evidence for the promotion of reactant molecule adsorption by sulfhydryl functional groups. Contact angle experiments supported the enhancement of lipophilicity of the catalysts due to these functional groups. The biolubricants produced through Pd/Nb 2 O 5 -catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation exhibit high symmetrical branching and demonstrate performance comparable to that of fully synthetic PAO 4 lubricants commercially available, indicating significant potentials for applications.

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Synthesis of Branched Biolubricant Base Oil from Oleic Acid

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Industrial Lubricants Based on Integer Nonlinear Programming

Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Industrial Lubricants Based on Integer Nonlinear Programming

Production of Highly Symmetrical and Branched Biolubricants from Lignocellulose-Derived Furan Compounds

Synthesis of Starfish-Type Biolubricants

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