Synthesis of Carbon–Metal Multi-Strand Nanocomposites by Discharges in Heptane Between Two Metallic Electrodes

Hamdan, Ahmad; Kabbara, Hiba; Courty, Marie‐Agnès; Suk, Min; Martínez, José Miguel Martín; Belmonte, T.

doi:10.1007/s11090-017-9816-8

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Compact particles and filaments having 5-10 µm in size and up to several mm long, composed of carbon polymeric nanocomposites, can be produced in ambient air inside plasmas [124]. Such conditions could occur during atmospheric entries of meteoroids and satellites/rocket debris, during storm lightning [125], and perhaps during high-energy phenomena in the stratosphere, such as blue jets and sprites.…”

Section: Production Within the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Spatial Distribution of Non-Pure Sulfate Particles (NSPs) in the Stratosphere Detected by the Balloon-Borne Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC)

et al. 2020

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While water and sulfuric acid droplets are the main component of stratospheric aerosols, measurements performed for about 30 years have shown that non-sulfate particles (NSPs) are also present. Such particles, released from the Earth mainly through volcanic eruptions, pollution or biomass burning, or coming from space, present a wide variety of compositions, sizes, and shapes. To better understand the origin of NSPs, we have performed measurements with the Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) during 151 flights under weather balloons in the 2013–2019 period reaching altitudes up to 35 km. Coupled with previous counting measurements conducted over the 2004–2011 period, the LOAC measurements indicate the presence of stratospheric layers of enhanced concentrations associated with NSPs, with a bimodal vertical repartition ranging between 17 and 30 km altitude. Such enhancements are not correlated with permanent meteor shower events. They may be linked to dynamical and photophoretic effects lifting and sustaining particles coming from the Earth. Besides, large particles, up to several tens of μm, were detected and present decreasing concentrations with increasing altitudes. All these particles can originate from Earth but also from meteoroid disintegrations and from the interplanetary dust cloud and comets.

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Section: Production Within the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Spatial Distribution of Non-Pure Sulfate Particles (NSPs) in the Stratosphere Detected by the Balloon-Borne Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC)

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, unlike the spectra of processed and unprocessed heptane, the spectrum of solid matter shows peaks at ∼1751–1770 and 1633 cm −1 , corresponding to C═O and C═C groups, respectively. [ 60,61 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, unlike the spectra of processed and unprocessed heptane, the spectrum of solid matter shows peaks at ∼1751-1770 and 1633 cm −1 , corresponding to C═O and C═C groups, respectively. [60,61] The solutions of as-synthesized particles were analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Figure 4 compares the spectra of processed silver nitrate and processed heptane, and it shows that the former exhibits a broad peak near 400 nm (Figure 4a), similar to the plasmonic peak of silver particles.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spark discharges in liquid heptane in contact with silver nitrate solution: Investigation of the synthesized particles

Mohammadi

Hamdan

2021

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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In this study, spark discharges are generated in liquid heptane that is in contact with an immiscible solution of silver nitrate. The results demonstrate that the discharges produced at 22 kV voltage amplitude and 500 ns pulse width change the color of both liquids and lead to the formation of nanoparticles. Most particles collected from heptane are nanocomposites of Ag nanoparticles (<10 nm) in the hydrocarbon network. Meanwhile, the material collected from the silver nitrate solution is Ag nanoparticles (10–150 nm of diameter). At shorter pulse width (100 ns), the discharges generate similar materials in both liquids; however, the size distribution of these materials is smaller. Finally, a scenario of particle synthesis is proposed and discussed.

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“…Herein we propose a scheme (Figure 9a) for the production of carbon‐encapsulated particles by discharges in liquid hydrocarbons, based on the high‐speed camera images (Figure 9b) recorded during discharge. It should be noted that the images were recorded within the scope of a previous study [ 34 ] that is similar to the one conducted herein, except for the use of pin‐to‐pin geometry instead of pin‐to‐plate (this difference is not expected to affect the results). It is commonly known that in‐liquid discharges engender strong plasma–surface interactions, which induces matter ejection in the plasma volume, as well as in the liquid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Scheme of particle synthesis by discharges in liquid hydrocarbon. (b) High‐speed camera images recorded during discharge under similar conditions [ 34 ] ; frame (1) shows the electrode before discharge; frame (2) shows the plasma emission (2 μs of exposure); frame (3)—acquired 6 μs after (2)—shows the bubble formation and the emission of ejected particles (2 μs of exposure), and frame (4)—acquired 50 μs after (2)—shows the formation of microbubbles induced by the ejected particles…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenario of carbon‐encapsulated particle synthesis by spark discharges in liquid hydrocarbons

Hamdan

Liu

2021

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Discharges in liquid hydrocarbons produce submicrometric particles with a graphitic shell. In this study, discharges are generated between two Cu electrodes immersed in various liquid hydrocarbons, and the produced particles are characterized by various techniques. The obtained results indicate that the thickness of the particle shell increases with increasing particle size; for instance, it is ~4 nm for small particles (~25 nm) and ~30 nm for large particles (~1 µm). Such variation in shell thickness is attributed to variations in the thermal properties of different‐size particles. On the basis of qualitative analysis, we assume that shell growth is induced by local pyrolysis (or pyrolysis‐like process) of the liquid hydrocarbon due to the ejection of hot particles from the electrodes.

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Synthesis of Carbon–Metal Multi-Strand Nanocomposites by Discharges in Heptane Between Two Metallic Electrodes

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Origins and Spatial Distribution of Non-Pure Sulfate Particles (NSPs) in the Stratosphere Detected by the Balloon-Borne Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC)

Origins and Spatial Distribution of Non-Pure Sulfate Particles (NSPs) in the Stratosphere Detected by the Balloon-Borne Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC)

Spark discharges in liquid heptane in contact with silver nitrate solution: Investigation of the synthesized particles

Scenario of carbon‐encapsulated particle synthesis by spark discharges in liquid hydrocarbons

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