Synthesis of carbon nanostructures using cheap grades of graphite

Abstract

In the work, carbon nanostructures (CNS) were synthesized on a plasma chemical plant using graphite electrodes SIGE (Special Impregnated Graphite Electrodes) and FGDG-7 (Fine-grained dense graphite) in a helium environment. In the experiments, it was established that graphite electrodes of the SIGE brand are suitable for the synthesis of CNS by the electric arc plasma chemical method. In addition, the experiments indicate that SIGE graphite in electric arc synthesis in a gas environment allows the creation of centimeter composite rods (deposits), where the core consists of graphene sheets rolled into nanotubes that can withstand extremely high temperatures (>4000 K). Studies using scanning microscopy have shown that the synthetic deposit of SIGE graphite can be divided into blocks, which is important for its use in high voltage stations because it is possible to prepare deposits of the required length without mechanical impact and without violating the integrity of its structure. The structure of the synthesized carbon materials was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and it was shown that carbon nanotubes are formed during the evaporation of SIGE brand graphite even without the use of a catalyst. Experiments have confirmed that the mass yield of wall fullerene-containing carbon black during the evaporation of SIGE grade graphite significantly exceeds the results obtained during the evaporation of FGDG-7 grade graphite electrodes. Such results make SIGE graphite more productive for the synthesis of expensive carbon nanoproducts (fullerenes and fullerene-like structures) by the electric arc method. It was also recorded that during the synthesis of carbon nanostructures, single-walled carbon nanotubes are formed, which have a positive charge and are deposited in the form of a core on the surface of the cathode electrode under the action of an electromagnetic field.

Creation of 3D-products using carbon nanostructures and 3D-printing technologies (FDM, CJP, SLA, SLS)

“…67 "Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Carbon Nanostructures" of Institute for Problems of Materials Science named after I.M. Frantsevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110].The method of plasma-chemical synthesis in a liquid environment is devoid of the disadvantages of a similar method of synthesis of CNS in a gaseous environment and significantly expands the range of synthesized products.…”

“…Each method for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials (CNM) has its own characteristics and makes it possible to obtain various types of nanoproducts. However, today only three methods of synthesis (plasma-chemical synthesis method in a gaseous medium or in a liquid medium, as well as a pyrolytic synthesis method) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] are the most productive and make it possible to reliably obtain nanoproducts of a certain type CNM (fullerenes [10][11][12][13], fullerites [14], endofullerenes [15], graphenes [16][17], carbon nanotubes [18][19], carbon nanofibers, etc. ).…”

Crystalline potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) powders

“…Taking into account the Stirling formula lnX! = X(lnX -1), which is valid for large numbers X, taking into account formulas (5) for the probabilities (1) (1) (2) (2) l l , , ,…”

“…In special cases, this dependence is simplified, and the value  may turn out to be a quadratic function of the parameter . Consider the last case when 2 .…”