Synthesis of CdS nanocrystals in poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymer matrix: optical and structural studies

Agrawal, Vikash; Jain, Kiran; Arora, Leena; Chand, Suresh

doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1697-z

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Average absorption spectra were collected for the varying deposition times, and as the deposition time has an effect on the thickness these spectra were normalised by thickness, see Fig 2. One key observation is that the spectra follow the same peaks, at roughly 370, 520, 550 and 600 nm, with the peak at roughly 600 nm being attributed to intrachain interactions in P3HT [11]. This would suggest that the chemically active species within the active layers are the same, which is to be expected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The synthetic route followed a similar design proposed by Agrawal et al [11] for the synthesis of cadmium ethyl xanthate, simply replacing cadmium chloride with 0.7 g of zinc chloride. The off-white precipitate (ZnXan) was washed with de-ionized water, and dried at 50 o C.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Znxanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bulk Heterojunctions (BHJs) refer to multiple phases that are mixed within one active layer, and have been deposited using both spin and spray coating techniques [4,5,7,11,12], thus creating a three-dimensional blend of electron-donating and electron-accepting materials, which in turn offers a large surface area and can increase exciton dissociation [10]. Organic solar cells are highly can typically be produced at a lower cost than their inorganic counterparts, while being mechanically flexible with a comparatively lower negative impact on the environment, however, these organic systems usually have lower efficiencies and a reduced mechanical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work focuses on the synthesis of zinc sulphide, a low toxicity, wide band gap semiconductor [19,20], via decomposition of zinc ethyl xanthate precursors (ZnXan), dispersed in a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) matrix using spray coating deposition, without using a surfactant layer [21]. Using this single source precursor simplifies the method for producing these active layers, allowing for a one step deposition method [11]. The ZnXan precursor was selected due to the low temperatures required for decomposition to ZnS, causing little damage to the polymeric component, allowing for this single step deposition [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological, optical and electrical properties of spray coated zinc ethyl xanthates for decomposition within a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) matrix

et al. 2019

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This work investigates the deposition of hybrid layers, for next generation in energy conversion, via spray coating. Understanding the effect that this deposition procedure has on these layers could lead to the rapid development of these technologies, for both laboratory applications and commercialisation. Synthesised zinc ethyl xanthate and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) was spray-coated on substrates and heated to a temperature of 160 °C, to the hybrid film. Optical, morphological and conductive properties of these films were investigated and linked to the spray coating duration. It was revealed that shorter-duration spray times led to relatively low conductivity and smoother films, moreover, an increase in spraying duration also led to an increase in conductivity, but with increased roughness, from 6.178 nm to 8.317 nm. As the spray time was further increased factors, including film layering effects, led to a gradual decrease in conductivity accompanied by a decrease in the roughness. Smoother films were shown to result in higher light absorption, characterised by wider band gaps, which could be due to the crystal structure of the inorganic phase. The controllability of this rapid, facile, and inexpensive spray deposition process was then demonstrated in fabrication of prototype photovoltaic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Synthesis Of Znxanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological, optical and electrical properties of spray coated zinc ethyl xanthates for decomposition within a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) matrix

et al. 2019

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“…29 Metal xanthates have been used as a low temperature single-source pre- 30 cursor to form metal sulfides, with the general formula [M(S 2 COR) n ], where 31 R is an alkyl group, and have been shown to be viable precursors for Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 32 [21, [25][26][27][28][29]. It has been suggested that metal xanthates decompose via the 33 Chugaev elimination reaction [30], as shown in Figure 1. This reaction mechanism consists of three steps: 35 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis and performance optimisation of spray coated Cu2ZnSnS4 absorbing layers from single-source xanthate precursors

et al. 2019

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Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a promising non-toxic and cheap absorber layer for the use in photovoltaic cells. In this work copper, zinc and tin xanthates were synthesised and deposited using a single-source spray coating technique to produce CZTS thin films, to investigate how the ratio of these precursors can alter the performance of the device. It was determined that using a tin rich xanthate precursor mix resulted in the thin film with the chemical composition closest to CZTS, with few contaminating phases (i.e. Cu 2-x S, Cu 2 SnS 3 and ZnS). To explain this observation, isothermal thermal gravimetric analysis was used to determine rate constants for the decomposition of these xanthate precursors. The rate constants of copper xanthate and zinc xanthate align very well (1.26 and 1.24 s -1 respectively). However, the rate constant for tin xanthate differs significantly (1.09 s -1 ). Therefore, to form the appropriate ratio in the final product, a tin rich precursor mixture is required. This tin rich xanthate sample was shown to have a band gap of * 1.73 eV and a power conversion efficiency of 0.15 %.

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In Situ Thermal, Photon, and Electron‐Beam Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites

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Camposeo

Laera

et al. 2014

Synthesis Techniques for Polymer Nanocomposites

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Synthesis of CdS nanocrystals in poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymer matrix: optical and structural studies

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Morphological, optical and electrical properties of spray coated zinc ethyl xanthates for decomposition within a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) matrix

Morphological, optical and electrical properties of spray coated zinc ethyl xanthates for decomposition within a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) matrix

Synthesis and performance optimisation of spray coated Cu2ZnSnS4 absorbing layers from single-source xanthate precursors

In Situ Thermal, Photon, and Electron‐Beam Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites

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