Privileged structures have been widely used as an effective template in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. Chalcone is
a common simple scaffold found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many chalcone derivatives have also been prepared due to
their convenient synthesis. These natural products and synthetic compounds have shown numerous interesting biological activities
with clinical potentials against various diseases. This review aims to highlight the recent evidence of chalcone as a privileged
scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Multiple aspects of chalcone will be summarized herein, including the isolation of novel chalcone
derivatives, the development of new synthetic methodologies, the evaluation of their biological properties, and the exploration of
the mechanisms of action as well as target identification. This review is expected to be a comprehensive, authoritative, and
critical review of the chalcone template to the chemistry community.