Synthesis of Circular Array Antenna for Sidelobe Level and Aperture Size Control Using Flower Pollination Algorithm

Abstract

Sidelobe level suppression is a major problem in circular array antenna (CAA) synthesis. Many conventional numerical techniques are proposed to achieve this which are time consuming and often fail to handle multimodal problems. In this paper, a method of circular array synthesis using nature inspired flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is proposed. The synthesis technique considered here adapts one and two degrees of freedom, namely, amplitude only and amplitude spacing. The effectiveness of the FPA is studied by comparing the results with genetic algorithm (GA) and uniform circular array antenna (UCAA) with uniform spacing. Also the effect of additional degree of freedom on the aperture size and the computational time is analyzed. A relative side lobe level (SLL) of −25 dB is achieved using the algorithm under both no beam scanning (0 ∘ ) and beam scanning (15 ∘ ) conditions for 20 and 40 elements of CAA.

Design of Non-Uniformly Spaced Circular Arrays of Parasitic Dipoles for Lower Side Lobe Level with Maximum Directivity

“…The proposed technique is different from [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] in the sense that the authors here considered the length of parasitic elements and spacing between the parasitic elements as design variables to obtain the desired requirements keeping the position and length of active element fixed. Moreover, this technique is different from [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] in the sense that authors here considered real antennas including mutual coupling effect. In addition to it, coupling effect is also compensated by minimizing the reflection coefficient of the driven element to the specified value.…”

“…The use of asymmetric excitations and nonuniform element spacing allows for enhanced degree of freedom in design [3]. In recent years circular arrays have become more in demand over other array geometries because of circular arrays have the potential to perform the scan in all the directions without a significant change in the beam pattern and provides azimuth coverage of 360 0 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Many researchers presented approaches for reduction of side lobe level with fixed beam width in circular antenna arrays by changing the excitation amplitudes and spacing between the elements [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…Many researchers presented approaches for reduction of side lobe level with fixed beam width in circular antenna arrays by changing the excitation amplitudes and spacing between the elements [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Synthesis of circular antenna arrays with low side lobe level under both no beam scanning and beam scanning conditions using amplitude only and amplitude spacing are detailed in [11]. However, this method is not cost effective and also ends up in more complexity of their feeding network.…”

A Very Compact Circular Adaptive Array for New Generation Mobile Commercial Receivers

“…It is important to note that a beamformer the authors refer to is a signal processing technique based on a network comprised by phase shifters that enable programming of the adequate phase shift of the radiators in order to produce an optimum radiation pattern as well as beam tilt. In a different study, Panduro [4] presented a non-uniform circular phased array, referring to it as a smart antenna, due to its ability to provide a low side lobe response for scanning purposes. As the side lobes are minor beams, scanning antennas enable reception from different angles of the main beam.…”

Improvement of Adaptive Smart Concentric Circular Antenna Array Based Hybrid PSOGSA Optimizer

“…Circular Antenna Array (CAA) [4,5] was considered recently in the latest research because of its ability to steer the radiation pattern more than linear antenna arrays and overcoming the broadside problem. CCAA implements different rings with different radius that are used in most wireless applications such as High Altitude Platform (HAP) and others [6][7][8][9][10].…”