Synthesis of Crystalline Chalcogenides in Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Crystalline chalcogenides belong to the most promising class of materials. In addition to dense solid-state structures, they may form molecular cluster arrangements and networks with high porosity, as in the so-called "zeotype" chalcogenidometalates. The high structural diversity comes along with interesting physical properties such as semi-/photoconductivity, ion transport capability, molecular trapping potential, as well as chemical and catalytic activity. The great interest in the development of new and tailored chalcogenides has provoked a continuous search for new and better synthesis strategies over the years. The trend has clearly been towards lower temperatures for both economic and ecological reasons as well as for better reaction control. This led to the application of ionic liquids as a designer-like medium for materials synthesis. In this Review, we summarize recent developments and present a survey of different chalcogenide families along with their properties.

Controlled Synthesis of Polyions of Heavy Main-Group Elements in Ionic Liquids

“…The groups of Dehnen and Huang reported similar findings for clusters of heavy main-group elements. They noticed that the addition of amines had strong impact on the phase formation of selenidostannates synthesized from the elements or prereacted species in ILs [51,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98]. More than 25 different selenidostannates were synthesized following this approach, which does not only illustrate the diversity of this class of compounds but also demonstrates the capability of the method.…”

“…More than 25 different selenidostannates were synthesized following this approach, which does not only illustrate the diversity of this class of compounds but also demonstrates the capability of the method. More details are given in a recent review about the synthesis and structure of selenidostannates by Dehnen et al [51]. …”

“…Owing to the distinctive physicochemical properties of ILs (wide liquidus range, high redox and thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, and tunable polarity) and their advantages over organic solvents, classic melts, or solid state reactions, their applications include separation techniques [7,8,9], lubrication [10], electrodeposition [11], acting as electrolytes in photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells) [12,13,14], catalysis for clean technology [15,16,17,18], polymerization processes [19], crystal engineering of a wide range of inorganic substances [20,21,22,23,24,25], and syntheses of new inorganic materials in general [23,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51]. Recently, several comprehensive reviews on syntheses of inorganic compounds in ILs have been published by Taubert [52], Feldmann [28], Dehnen [51], Janiak [42,53], Scrosati and Passerini [48], Morris [54], Mudring [55], Prechtl [56], Zhu [57], Dai [58], and Ruck [23,27,59] among others.…”

“…Recently, several comprehensive reviews on syntheses of inorganic compounds in ILs have been published by Taubert [52], Feldmann [28], Dehnen [51], Janiak [42,53], Scrosati and Passerini [48], Morris [54], Mudring [55], Prechtl [56], Zhu [57], Dai [58], and Ruck [23,27,59] among others.…”

Amino Acid Functionalized Organotin Trichlorides and Their Tin Sulfide Clusters

“…1 H NMR[D 6 ]DMSO, 300 MHz, δ (ppm): 9.01 (s, 1H, NH), 7.15 (d, 3 J = 8.2 Hz, NH),6.61 (d, 3 J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, NH), 4.22 (s, 2H, NH 2 ), 3.88-3.64 (m, 1H, CH), 2.05-1.78 (m, 1H, CH), 1.37 (s, 9H, CH 3 ), 0.83 (ddd, 4J = 13.8 Hz, 3 J = 6.7 Hz, 3 J = 3.4 Hz, 6H, CH3 ) 13. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre..Synthesis of BocValN 2 H 3 (a):1.00 mL (4.60 mmol, 1.00 equiv.)…”