Synthesis of Cu²⁺ Doped ZnO by the Combination of Sol-Gel-Sonochemical Methods with Duck Egg Albumen as Additive for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

Abstract

Cu2+ doped ZnO by green synthesis was successfully prepared by using a combination of the Sol-Gel-Sonochemical method. Duck egg albumen was used as an additive, a substitute for chemical additives, such as monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA). Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O was used as a precursor, Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O was used as a dopant source with concentrations of 5 wt.%, and isopropanol was used as the solvent. The addition of albumen variations was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mL. The prepared catalyst was applied for the degradation of the methyl orange dyes by using photosonolysis with variations of the degradation time of methyl orange for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 min. FTIR spectra showed stretching at 400–550 cm–1 indicating the presence of Zn–O and Zn–O–Cu metal oxides. The optimum bandgap energy value was 2.82 eV with the addition of 30 mL of albumen. XRD analysis showed the optimum particle size of 16.62–53.21 nm after adding 30 mL of additives. The SEM image showed a spherical shape with an average diameter of 2.7 μm. The optimum percentage of degradation obtained was 94.88%, with the irradiation time under UV light for 210 min.

Effectiveness of Diethanolamine (DEA) Addition on Band Gap Value of SnO2 by Using Sol-Gel Methods

“…The optimum band gap value is obtained at the addition of 1.5 mL DEA volume because it has the smallest band gap value of 3.60 eV which is in accordance with the reference which states that SnO 2 has a band gap of 3.60 eV (Al-saadi et al, 2019). This small bandgap value has a small particle size and large surface area so that its reactivity increases in visible light (Ningsih et al, 2021).…”

“…According to Ningsih, et al, in 2021 stated that the bandgap value increases between the valence band and the conduction band with a decrease in particle size so that the reaction occurs faster in the visible light region (Ningsih et al, 2021). According to Ningsih et al, the decrease in band gap value is caused by the interaction between the electron band and the delocalization of electrons in transition ions so that metal ion substitution is formed (Ningsih et al, 2021).…”

“…According to Ningsih, et al, in 2021 stated that the bandgap value increases between the valence band and the conduction band with a decrease in particle size so that the reaction occurs faster in the visible light region (Ningsih et al, 2021). According to Ningsih et al, the decrease in band gap value is caused by the interaction between the electron band and the delocalization of electrons in transition ions so that metal ion substitution is formed (Ningsih et al, 2021). In addition, the reduced band gap value causes the distance between the valence band and the conduction band to get closer and electron excitation becomes faster so that less photon energy is needed for electron excitation from the valence band to the conduction band (Ningsih et al, 2019).…”

Sintesis dan Aplikasi CuSnO3 sebagai Katalis pada Proses Degradasi Zat Warna Methyl Orange dengan Metode Fotolisis

“…Pada penelitian ini, Sintesis CuSnO3 menggunakan metode sol -gel. Metode ini tidak menggunakan peralatan khusus dan menghasilkan material dengan tingkat kemurnian yang lebih tinggi (Ningsih et al, 2021). Untuk menghasilkan produk yang baik diberi perlakuan dengan penambahan zat aditif MEA yang dapat mempengaruhi sifat material.…”

“…Penambahan aditif dapat menurunkan nilai band gap (Chaudhari & Joshi, 2018) dan dapat memperbesar ukuran Kristal dari CuSnO3. Besarnya nilai band gap dan ukuran Kristal akan berhubungan dengan persen degradasi yang dihasilkan nantinya (Ningsih et al, 2021).…”