Synthesis of Cyclopentadiene and Methylcyclopentadiene with Xylose or Extracted Hemicellulose

Abstract

Cyclopentadiene (CPD)and methylcyclopentadiene (MCPD) are important intermediates that have been widely used in the production of highenergy-density rocket fuels, polymers and valuable chemicals. Currently, CPD and MCPD are produced from fossil energies at very low yields, which greatly limits their application. As a solution to this problem, we disclose an alternative two-step bio-route to access CPD and MCPD using xylose or extracted hemicellulose as the feedstock. In the first step, cyclopentanone (CPO) was directly produced by the selective hydrogenolysis of xylose or extracted hemicellulose over a commercial Ru/ C catalyst in an acid-free toluene/NaCl aqueous solution biphasic system. In the second step, CPO was selectively converted to CPD by a cascade hydrodeoxygenation/ dehydrogenation reaction over zinc molybdate catalysts. When methanol was introduced with CPO and hydrogen, MCPD was selectively obtained by a cascade dehydrogenation/aldol condensation/selective hydrodeoxygenation reaction over zinc molybdate catalysts.

Shape Selectivity of AEL Channels for Anomalously Facilitating Biojet Fuel Production from Long-Chain n-Alkane Hydrocracking

“…3D large pore (12-MR) Y zeolite is nonshape-selective, exhibits ideal product distributions, ,− and favors cleavage in the middle of the carbon chain, , making it suitable for this process. Currently, to achieve carbon neutrality, the aviation industry urgently needs bulk biojet fuel, mostly produced from hydrocracking of green diesel to biojet fuel (HCGDBJ) in hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (HEFA) process. ,,− Green diesel refers to the n -alkanes products (C15–C18) of the hydrotreatment of vegetable oils. Unlike extra-long-chain paraffins, for the much shorter green diesel fraction, the primary cracking of one molecule produces a heavy biojet fuel (C9–C15) fragment and an inevitable short-chain C3–C8 fragment.…”