Synthesis of Deuterium Labeled Standards of 1‐Benzylpiperazine, Fenetylline, Nicocodeine and Nicomorphine

Abstract

Increasingly abused, 1‐benzylpiperazine (BZP), fenetylline, nicocodeine and nicomorphine are central nervous system stimulants with neurotoxic properties. In recent years, many controlled substance analogs (designer drugs) with a large variety of structures have reached illegal markets, making their identification difficult. This work studies the synthesis of BZP‐d7, fenetylline‐d4, nicocodeine‐d4 and nicomorphine‐d8, as internal standards for use in gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis for identification of these controlled substances.

Investigating Permeation Behavior of Flufenamic Acid Cocrystals Using a Dissolution and Permeation System

“…The 1 H NMR experiments were conducted to investigate the interactions between FFA, coformers (NIC and TP), and polymers (PVP and PVP–VA) in solution, and the tests are summarized in Table S1 of the Supporting Information. Assignments of the 1 H chemical shifts of FFA, NIC, TP, PVP, and PVP–VA were carried out previously. ,− The focus of this work was to examine the characteristic chemical shifts of the protons in each of the molecules of FFA, TP, and NIC. These shifts could be due to the hydrogen bonding or self-aggregation in solution, including (i) the chemical shifts of singlet peak of H j and two doublet peaks of H h in FFA; (ii) the chemical shifts of H a , H b , and H c in NIC; and (iii) the chemical shifts of H a , H b , H c , and H d in TP.…”