Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol using polyphosphoric acid as catalyst

Sun, Jianguo; Yang, Bolun; Wang, Xiaoping; Wang, Dongpeng; Lin, Hongye

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2005.06.001

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Up to now, the main industrial process of production of dialkylcarbonates is the phosgenation of alcohols [18,19] but such methodology presents several drawbacks mainly due to the use of toxic phosgene and the formation of large amounts of waste. Alternative routes have been proposed, such as the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols [20][21][22] The alcoholysis of urea [23,24] [Eqs. (3a) and (b)] is very promising, but depending on the alcohol used, presents the disadvantage of a difficult isolation of the product from the reaction medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Nb^V/Ce^IV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Dibenedetto

Aresta

Angelini

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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New catalytic systems based on ceria have been used in the direct carboxylation of ethanol. The catalytic behavior of Al(2)O(3) and Nb(2)O(5) loaded ceria is compared, the latter showing a better performance. A morphological and structural study has been carried out on Nb(2)O(5)/CeO(2) catalysts in order to explain their behavior in catalysis. Pervaporation membranes have been used for water separation. The synthesis of diethylcarbonate (DEC) has been carried out either in a liquid phase (ethanol) pressurized with CO(2) or in supercritical conditions. A set-up has been developed that allows the production of quite pure DEC (>90%) with recycling of CO(2) and ethanol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Nb^V/Ce^IV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Dibenedetto

Aresta

Angelini

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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“…Especially, the synthesis of DMC from methanol and PC is widely used in the industrial synthetic process and regarded as a process utilizing carbon dioxide as a raw material due to that PC could be effectively synthesized via the cycloaddition of propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide [4][5][6][7][8]. In addition, there are some other methods for the synthesis of DMC via carbon dioxide, which include direct synthesis from carbon dioxide and methanol [9][10][11][12][13] and alcoholysis of urea with methanol [14][15][16]. It is a perfect route to directly synthesize DMC from carbon dioxide and methanol, but the process has not been yet applied for industrial exploitation due to the quite low productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene glycol and carbon dioxide by alkali carbonates

Huang

Liu

et al. 2006

Catal Lett

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Alkali carbonates were first used as effective catalysts for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene glycol and carbon dioxide in the presence of acetonitrile. Acetonitrile in the reaction acted as not only the solvent but also the dehydrating reagent to remove the water produced from the reaction. Interestingly, upon ammonium carbonate being introduced into the reaction system, the catalytic selectivity was significantly enhanced.

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“…Numerous catalytic systems for the reaction of urea and methanol have emerged in recent years, including organotin, polyphosphoric acid (PPA), organic metallic compounds, ILs, metal oxides, and so on. In particular, Zn‐based heterogeneous catalysts exhibited a superior catalytic performance and meanwhile were convenient for recycling, and thus have attracted much attention in recent years.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Organic Carbonates From Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of CO₂ into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2018

Greenhouse Gases

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In recent years increasing attention has been given to the efficacious synthesis of organic carbonates from sustainable CO2. The carboxylation/hydration reaction of alcohols with CO2 stands out for its environmentally friendly and economic features. However, it faces several substantial challenges such as thermodynamic limitations, low catalytic efficiency, and product selectivity. In this article, recent advances in the development of catalytic methods for the synthesis of organic carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction of alcohols with CO2 are summarized. Catalytic schemes (metal and metal‐free catalysis), water‐dehydration strategies, and catalytic mechanisms are also discussed in detail. The review covers the carbonylation cyclization of various alcohols and the equivalent of CO2, i.e. urea. Finally, an overview is provided of the recent breakthrough in the development of thermodynamically favorable processes involving alcohols and CO2. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol using polyphosphoric acid as catalyst

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Nb^V/Ce^IV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Nb^V/Ce^IV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Effective synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene glycol and carbon dioxide by alkali carbonates

Incorporation of CO₂ into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction

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Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol using polyphosphoric acid as catalyst

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of NbV/CeIV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of NbV/CeIV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Effective synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene glycol and carbon dioxide by alkali carbonates

Incorporation of CO2 into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction

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Product

Resources

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Nb^V/Ce^IV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Synthesis, Characterization, and Use of Nb^V/Ce^IV‐Mixed Oxides in the Direct Carboxylation of Ethanol by using Pervaporation Membranes for Water Removal

Incorporation of CO₂ into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction