Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol catalyzed by the metallic compounds at atmospheric pressure

Yang, Bolun; Wang, Dongpeng; Lin, Hongye; Sun, Jianguo; Wang, Xiaoping

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2006.01.009

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been a high-profile agent in recent years because of its excellent properties and extensive applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. For example, DMC has favorable solubility and nontoxicity which make it an environmentally friendly solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic mixture using ionic liquids as entrainers

Zhang

et al. 2017

Fluid Phase Equilibria

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of methanol + dimethyl carbonate, methanol + dimethyl carbonate + 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide ([EMIM][Br]) and methanol + dimethyl carbonate + 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride ([BMIM][Cl]) were measured by a modified Othmer still at 101.3 kPa. The two investigated ionic liquids produced significant effects on the separation of the methanol and dimethyl carbonate azeotropic system. The relative volatility of dimethyl carbonate to methanol was enhanced with the addition of ionic liquid. The two ionic liquids could both eliminate the azeotropic point as their concentration increased to a certain value, but [BMIM][Cl] showed a greater separation effect on methanol and dimethyl carbonate azeotropic system than [EMIM][Br]. Furthermore, the measured data were well correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic mixture using ionic liquids as entrainers

Zhang

et al. 2017

Fluid Phase Equilibria

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first property comes from the fact that the conversion of carbamate needs to be operated at elevated temperatures because it is an endothermic reaction [7], while the latter is associated with an E1CB mechanism in which the hydrogen atom is first removed from the N-H group of carbamate [21,22]. Thus, we tested polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PGDE) as a solvent, since Yang et al [23] proposed a favorable production of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol owing to both properties of PGDE (i.e., a high boiling electron donor). Figure 2 shows the activities of Zn(OAc) 2 and ZnO in nitrobenzene and PGDE, where HDC decomposition over the former and latter catalysts was conducted at 160 and 180°C, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Variables On the Catalytic Decomposition mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosgene-free decomposition of dimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate over ZnO

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In catalytic decomposition of dimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate (HDC) into hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), Zn-containing homogeneous (i.e., zinc acetate) and heterogeneous (i.e., ZnO) catalysts were active among a number of catalysts tested, due to the great electron withdrawing ability of Zn ions. Particularly, when polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether was used as a solvent, ZnO was found to be relatively robust, because the catalytic performance was maintained up to the third use (HDC conversion of 93 % and HDI yield of 67 % at 180°C for 1 h). Through investigation of a HDC/ZnO mixture at elevated temperatures by IR spectroscopy, a possible reaction scheme of ZnO-catalyzed decomposition of HDC was proposed. The H atom is removed from the N-H group of HDC by hydrogen bonding with an O site on the ZnO surface, followed by coordination of an O-C=O group in monodentate mode to a Zn site. The C-O group in the O-C=O linkage is then cleaved yielding the isocyanate and surface methoxide species. Finally, methanol is released from ZnO by a reaction between the surface methoxide and the hydroxyl species.

show abstract

“…Numerous catalytic systems for the reaction of urea and methanol have emerged in recent years, including organotin, polyphosphoric acid (PPA), organic metallic compounds, ILs, metal oxides, and so on. In particular, Zn‐based heterogeneous catalysts exhibited a superior catalytic performance and meanwhile were convenient for recycling, and thus have attracted much attention in recent years.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Organic Carbonates From Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of CO₂ into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2018

Greenhouse Gases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years increasing attention has been given to the efficacious synthesis of organic carbonates from sustainable CO2. The carboxylation/hydration reaction of alcohols with CO2 stands out for its environmentally friendly and economic features. However, it faces several substantial challenges such as thermodynamic limitations, low catalytic efficiency, and product selectivity. In this article, recent advances in the development of catalytic methods for the synthesis of organic carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction of alcohols with CO2 are summarized. Catalytic schemes (metal and metal‐free catalysis), water‐dehydration strategies, and catalytic mechanisms are also discussed in detail. The review covers the carbonylation cyclization of various alcohols and the equivalent of CO2, i.e. urea. Finally, an overview is provided of the recent breakthrough in the development of thermodynamically favorable processes involving alcohols and CO2. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol catalyzed by the metallic compounds at atmospheric pressure

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Separation of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic mixture using ionic liquids as entrainers

Separation of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic mixture using ionic liquids as entrainers

Phosgene-free decomposition of dimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate over ZnO

Incorporation of CO₂ into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol catalyzed by the metallic compounds at atmospheric pressure

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Separation of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic mixture using ionic liquids as entrainers

Separation of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic mixture using ionic liquids as entrainers

Phosgene-free decomposition of dimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate over ZnO

Incorporation of CO2 into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Incorporation of CO₂ into carbonates through carboxylation/hydration reaction