Synthesis of electrospun polyacrylonitrile- derived carbon fibers and comparison of properties with bulk form

Alarifi, Ibrahim M.; Khan, Waseem S.; Asmatulu, Ramazan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201345

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is continuous increase in the importance of CNMs in science and technology, energy, environment, water, or biomedicine. They have excellent mechanical properties that can attract much attention for use in a variety of applications [21,22]. Moreover, their minute size, high surface-to-volume ratio (SVR), and electron-rich and lightweight properties make them a suitable material for nanotechnology-based applications [23].…”

Section: Importance Of Carbon Nanomaterials and Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Methods for the Recovery of Carbon Nanominerals and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from Coal Fly Ash and Their Emerging Applications

Alam

Yadav

et al. 2021

Crystals

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Coal fly ash is found to be one of the key pollutants worldwide due to its toxic heavy metal content. However, due to advancements in technology, coal fly ash has gained importance in various emerging fields. They are rich sources of carbonaceous particles which remain unburnt during burning of various coals in thermal power plants (TPPs). Various carbonaceous nanoparticles in the form of fullerenes, soot, and carbon nanotubes could be recovered from coal fly ash by applying trending techniques. Moreover, coal fly ash is comprised of rich sources of organic carbons such as polycyclic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons that are used in various industries for the development of carbon-derived value-added materials and nanocomposites. Here, we focus on all the types of carbon nanominerals from coal fly ash with the latest techniques applied. Moreover, we also emphasize the recovery of organic carbons in polyaromatic (PAHs) and polycyclic hydrocarbons (PCHs) from coal fly ash (CFA). Finally, we try to elucidate the latest applications of such carbon particle in the industry.

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Section: Importance Of Carbon Nanomaterials and Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Methods for the Recovery of Carbon Nanominerals and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from Coal Fly Ash and Their Emerging Applications

Alam

Yadav

et al. 2021

Crystals

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“…In order to improve the adsorption efficiency of CMF, it is necessary to determine which physicochemical properties are the most important to achieve this goal, and how the heat treatments in the synthesis influence them. Usually, carbon fibers are synthesized by electrospinning because of its simplicity, low-cost, and industrially scalability [20][21][22][23][24]. The electrospinning process consists of the use of polymer solutions subjected to a high voltage difference to force the generation of polymer fibers [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improve in CO2 and CH4 Adsorption Capacity on Carbon Microfibers Synthesized by Electrospinning of PAN

Ojeda-López

Esparza-Schulz

Pérez-Hermosillo

et al. 2019

Fibers

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Carbon microfibers (CMF) has been used as an adsorbent material for CO2 and CH4 capture. The gas adsorption capacity depends on the chemical and morphological structure of CMF. The CMF physicochemical properties change according to the applied stabilization and carbonization temperatures. With the aim of studying the effect of stabilization temperature on the structural properties of the carbon microfibers and their CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacity, four different stabilization temperatures (250, 270, 280, and 300 °C) were explored, maintaining a constant carbonization temperature (900 °C). In materials stabilized at 250 and 270 °C, the cyclization was incomplete, in that, the nitrile groups (triple-bond structure, e.g., C≡N) were not converted to a double-bond structure (e.g., C=N), to form a six-membered cyclic pyridine ring, as a consequence the material stabilized at 300 °C resulting in fragile microfibers; therefore, the most appropriate stabilization temperature was 280 °C. Finally, to corroborate that the specific surface area (microporosity) is not the determining factor that influences the adsorption capacity of the materials, carbonization of polyacrylonitrile microfibers (PANMFs) at five different temperatures (600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C) is carried, maintaining a constant temperature of 280 °C for the stabilization process. As a result, the CMF chemical composition directly affects the CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacity, even more directly than the specific surface area. Thus, the chemical variety can be useful to develop carbon microfibers with a high adsorption capacity and selectivity in materials with a low specific surface area. The amount adsorbed at 25 °C and 1.0 bar oscillate between 2.0 and 2.9 mmol/g adsorbent for CO2 and between 0.8 and 2.0 mmol/g adsorbent for CH4, depending on the calcination treatment applicated; these values are comparable with other material adsorbents of greenhouse gases.

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“…In the concomitant high resolution TEM and electron diffraction mode, roughening of the surface morphology and formation of turbostratic carbon with increasing carbonization temperature at identical locations were shown. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment showed a broad exothermic peak at 308 • C in the stabilized PAN fiber, indicating the initial cyclization of the structure at such a temperature [24]. This temperature is slightly lower than the melting temperature of PAN (317 • C), but much higher than the glass transition temperature of PAN, which is 107.2 • C as determined by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Electrical Property and Photosensitivity of a PAN-PMMA Derived Carbon Fiber

Nguyen

Rosas

et al. 2019

ChemEngineering

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Fibers are promising materials being utilized in electronics, principally in the areas of capacitors and sensors. In this study, we examine the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the electrical conductive behavior and photosensitivity of a carbon-based fiber, which was made by electrospinning a polymer solution containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and dimethylformamide (DMF). Converting the polymeric fiber into a carbon fiber was performed through the controlled pyrolysis during which oxidation, stabilization, and carbonization happened. After oxidation at an elevated temperature, the linear polymer fiber was stabilized to have a backbone structure. Then the oxidized fiber was treated in an even higher temperature range to be partially carbonized under the protection of argon gas. We utilized multiple samples of the fibers treated at various pyrolysis temperatures inside a heat furnace and examined the effects of the temperatures on the properties. The partially carbonized fiber is highly active in view of electron generation under photon energy excitation. The unique electrical and photovoltaic property are due to their semiconducting behavior. The morphology of the specimen before and after the pyrolysis was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images displayed the shrinkage of the fiber due to the pyrolysis. There are two stages of pyrolysis kinetics. Stage I is related to the oxidation of the PAN polymer. Stage II is associated with the carbonization and the activation energy of carbonization is calculated as 118 kJ/mol.

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Synthesis of electrospun polyacrylonitrile- derived carbon fibers and comparison of properties with bulk form

Cited by 49 publications

References 26 publications

Recent Advances in Methods for the Recovery of Carbon Nanominerals and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from Coal Fly Ash and Their Emerging Applications

Recent Advances in Methods for the Recovery of Carbon Nanominerals and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons from Coal Fly Ash and Their Emerging Applications

Improve in CO2 and CH4 Adsorption Capacity on Carbon Microfibers Synthesized by Electrospinning of PAN

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Electrical Property and Photosensitivity of a PAN-PMMA Derived Carbon Fiber

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