Abstract:Nanopowder of iron cyanide hydrate (member of Prussian blue family) was obtained using ferric chloride and potassium cyanide in their dilute solution through co-precipitation method. The effect of thermal annealing on iron cyanide hydrate nanocrystallites have been studied in detail. The formation of Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3·14H2O and iron oxides was revealed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystal structure, morphology and size of nanocrystallites were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmissi… Show more
“…01-088-0891 and 73-0689. As per the Debye Sherrer Formula, the average crystal size of modified bentonite sample was around 33.76 nm 36 , 39 . In the present study, the combination of calcinized bentonite and potassium ferricyanide showed no significant variations as compared to the un-calcinized modified bentonite clay.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…01-088-0891 and 73-0689. The average crystallite size of the samples was found to be around 41.05 nm 36 , 39 . Figure 7 XRD spectrum of ( a ) bentonite, ( b ) calcinized bentonite, ( c ) bentonite and potassium ferricyanide composite, ( d ) calcinized bentonite and potassium ferricyanide composite.…”
The present study was undertaken with aims to produced catalyst loaded on low-cost clay supports and to utilize plum waste seed oil for the production of biodiesel. For this purpose, Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide, White pocha-potassium ferricyanide, Granite-potassium ferricyanide, Sindh clay-potassium ferricyanide, and Kolten-potassium ferricyanide composites were prepared. Transesterification of plum oil under the different conditions of reactions like catalysts concentrations (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 g), temperature (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C), reaction time (2, 4 and 6 h) and oil to methanol ratio (1:10) was conducted. The maximum biodiesel yield was recorded for Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite. This composite was subjected to calcination process to produce Calcinized bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite and a further improvement in biodiesel amount was recorded. The fuel quality parameters of all biodiesel samples were in standard range. Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the presence of oleic and linoleic acids in the plum seed oil. The characterization of composite was done using FTIR, SEM and EDX. Two infrared bands are observed in the spectrum from 1650 to 1630 cm−1 indicates that the composite materials contained highly hydrogen bonded water. The presence of surface hydroxyls groups can also be confirmed from FTIR data. SEM image clearly show the presence of nano-rods on the surface of Granite-potassium ferricyanide and Kolten-potassium ferricyanide composites. Another interesting observation that can be recorded from SEM images is the changes in surface characteristic of Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite after calcination (at 750 °C, 1 atm for 4 h). Calcinized bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite found to contain more nano rod like structures at its surface as compared to Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite which contained spherical particles. EDX data of Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite and Calcinized bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite show that after calcination carbon and oxygen was reduced. The other lost volatile compounds after calcination were of Na, Mg, Al, Si, and S. The XRD spectrum of pure bentonite showed the average crystal size of 24.46 nm and calcinized bentonite of 25.59 nm. The average crystal size of bentonite and potassium ferricyanide composite and its calcinized form was around 33.76 nm and 41.05 nm, respectively.
“…01-088-0891 and 73-0689. As per the Debye Sherrer Formula, the average crystal size of modified bentonite sample was around 33.76 nm 36 , 39 . In the present study, the combination of calcinized bentonite and potassium ferricyanide showed no significant variations as compared to the un-calcinized modified bentonite clay.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…01-088-0891 and 73-0689. The average crystallite size of the samples was found to be around 41.05 nm 36 , 39 . Figure 7 XRD spectrum of ( a ) bentonite, ( b ) calcinized bentonite, ( c ) bentonite and potassium ferricyanide composite, ( d ) calcinized bentonite and potassium ferricyanide composite.…”
The present study was undertaken with aims to produced catalyst loaded on low-cost clay supports and to utilize plum waste seed oil for the production of biodiesel. For this purpose, Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide, White pocha-potassium ferricyanide, Granite-potassium ferricyanide, Sindh clay-potassium ferricyanide, and Kolten-potassium ferricyanide composites were prepared. Transesterification of plum oil under the different conditions of reactions like catalysts concentrations (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 g), temperature (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C), reaction time (2, 4 and 6 h) and oil to methanol ratio (1:10) was conducted. The maximum biodiesel yield was recorded for Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite. This composite was subjected to calcination process to produce Calcinized bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite and a further improvement in biodiesel amount was recorded. The fuel quality parameters of all biodiesel samples were in standard range. Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the presence of oleic and linoleic acids in the plum seed oil. The characterization of composite was done using FTIR, SEM and EDX. Two infrared bands are observed in the spectrum from 1650 to 1630 cm−1 indicates that the composite materials contained highly hydrogen bonded water. The presence of surface hydroxyls groups can also be confirmed from FTIR data. SEM image clearly show the presence of nano-rods on the surface of Granite-potassium ferricyanide and Kolten-potassium ferricyanide composites. Another interesting observation that can be recorded from SEM images is the changes in surface characteristic of Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite after calcination (at 750 °C, 1 atm for 4 h). Calcinized bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite found to contain more nano rod like structures at its surface as compared to Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite which contained spherical particles. EDX data of Bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite and Calcinized bentonite–potassium ferricyanide composite show that after calcination carbon and oxygen was reduced. The other lost volatile compounds after calcination were of Na, Mg, Al, Si, and S. The XRD spectrum of pure bentonite showed the average crystal size of 24.46 nm and calcinized bentonite of 25.59 nm. The average crystal size of bentonite and potassium ferricyanide composite and its calcinized form was around 33.76 nm and 41.05 nm, respectively.
“…The first step involves the preparation of ZnO nano-suspension. For this, 0.1 M NaOH solution was prepared in 50 mL distilled water and was added to 0.1 M of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O dissolved in 100 mL ethanol, following the procedure reported in our previous work [27]. Secondly, the preparation of SiO 2 nano-suspension was prepared by mixing 0.3 M SiO 2 in 50 mL 0.6 M NaOH, which resulted in Na 2 SiO 3 .…”
Section: Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2548 3 of 17 mL ethanol, following the procedure reported in our previous work [27]. Secondly, the preparation of SiO2 nano-suspension was prepared by mixing 0.3 M SiO2 in 50 mL 0.6 M NaOH, which resulted in Na2SiO3.…”
The photocatalytic activity of eco-friendly zinc oxide doped silica nanocomposites, synthesized via a co-precipitation method followed by heat-treatment at 300, 600, and 900 °C is investigated. The samples have been characterized by employing X-ray diffraction method, and further analyzed using the Rietveld Refinement method. The samples show a space group P63mc with hexagonal structure. The prepared composites are tested for their photocatalytic activities for the degradation of methyl orange-based water pollutants under ultra-violet (UV) irradiation using a 125 W mercury lamp. A systematic analysis of parameters such as the irradiation time, pH value, annealing temperatures, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide impacting the degradation of the methyl orange (MO) is carried out using UV-visible spectroscopy. The ZnO.SiO2 nanocomposite annealed at 300 °C at a pH value of seven shows a maximum photo-degradation ability (~98.1%) towards methyl orange, while the photo-degradation ability of ZnO.SiO2 nanocomposites decreases with annealing temperature (i.e., for 600 and 900 °C) due to the aspect ratio. Moreover, it is seen that with increment in the concentration of the NaOH (i.e., from 1 to 3 g), the photo-degradation of the dye component is enhanced from 20.9 to 53.8%, whereas a reverse trend of degradation ability is observed for higher concentrations.
“…Several studies already showed that when calcinated in air, PBAs (either bi-or trimetallic) are transformed into ternary or spinel oxides. 4,5,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In the particular case of Co ferrites, the Fe 1.8 Co 1.2 O 4 spinel oxide was obtained from the Fe 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 PBA for different calcination conditions. 4, 29 Nevertheless, these studies focused on the final product and its properties with no or few description of the PBA → spinel transformation process itself.…”
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