Synthesis of gold organometallics at the nanoscale

Mohamed, Ahmed A.; Neal, Sabine N.; Atallah, Baraa; AlBab, Nemat D.; Alawadhi, Hussain; Pajouhafsar, Yasmin; Abdou, Hanan E.; Workie, Bizuneh; Sahle‐Demessie, Endalkachew; Cui, Han; Monge, Miguel; López‐de‐Luzuriaga, José M.; Reibenspies, Joseph H.; Chehimi, Mohamed M.

doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.07.032

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Also, the reduction of triazine dendrons as diazonium gold salts produced robust gold nanoparticles which are soluble in water and toluene [10]. Recently, the synthesis of aryldiazonium tetrachloroaurate(III) salts [4-X-C6H4N2] + AuCl4 − (X = F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2) and their mild reduction to covalently functionalized nanoparticles was reported [26]. The gold-aryl nanoparticles were also constructed by the mild chemical reduction of the diazonium gold(III) salts.…”

Section: Aryldiazonium Gold Salts For Flat and Nanoparticulate Surfacmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diazonium Gold Salts as Novel Surface Modifiers: What Have We Learned So Far?

2020

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The challenges of diazonium salts stabilization have been overcome by their isolation as metal salts such as tetrachloroaurate(III). The cleavage of molecular nitrogen from diazonium salts even at very low potential or on reducing surfaces by fine tuning the substituents on the phenyl ring expanded their applications as surface modifiers in forensic science, nanomedicine engineering, catalysis and energy. The robustness of the metal–carbon bonding produced from diazonium salts reduction has already opened an era for further applications. The integration of experimental and calculations in this field catalyzed its speedy progress. This review provides a narrative of the progress in this chemistry with stress on our recent contribution, identifies potential applications, and highlights the needs in this emerging field. For these reasons, we hope that this review paper serves as motivation for others to enter this developing field of surface modification originating from diazonium salts.

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Section: Aryldiazonium Gold Salts For Flat and Nanoparticulate Surfacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A) DFT-optimized Au20-C6H4-CN model in Cs symmetry and (B) experimental (black profile) and computed (red bars) Raman spectra for Au20-C6H4-CN model. Reprinted with permission from[26]. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diazonium Gold Salts as Novel Surface Modifiers: What Have We Learned So Far?

2020

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“…Even though some of these contacts are shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of Cl atoms, the low polarizability of Cl atoms, their parent atoms (Au atoms, or no parents for the free chloride anions) and the geometry of the corresponding interactions do not allow the treatment of such interactions as halogen bonds (Desiraju et al, 2013;Bartashevich & Tsirelson, 2014;Cavallo et al, 2016). in the literature (Polyanichko et al, 2004;Zeleň á k et al, 2001;Omer et al, 2015;Mohamed et al, 2018).…”

Section: Analysis Of Noncovalent Interactions (Ncis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Syntheses and crystal structures of new aurate salts of adenine or guanine nucleobases

et al. 2020

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Two new gold(III) complexes with adenine or guanine nitrogenous bases as counter-cations were synthesized. These are 6-amino-7H-purine-1,9-diium tetrachloridogold(III) chloride monohydrate, (C 5 H 7 N 5 )[AuCl 4 ]ClÁH 2 O, 1, and 2-amino-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-purin-9-ium tetrachloridogold(III) hemihydrate, (C 5 H 6 N 5 O)[AuCl 4 ]Á0.5H 2 O, 2. Their crystal structures were studied using singlecrystal X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The arrangement of species in the studied crystal structures implies -stacking interactions, as well as concomitant C-HÁ Á Á interactions, hydrogen bonds and other types of noncovalent interactions, which were studied qualitatively and quantitatively using the method of molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra. The variation of the nitrogenous base from adenine to guanine results in evident differences in the packing of the species in the crystals of 1 and 2. The splitting and shifting of bands in the FT-IR spectra of the title compounds reveals several features representative of noncovalent interactions in their crystal structures.

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“…Tetrachloroaurate(III) counterions are excellent stabilizers for aryldiazonium cations. 17,[26][27][28][29][30] The preparation of aryldiazonium gold(III) salts is carried out in the presence of tetrachloroauric acid, HAuCl 4 , which provides an acidic medium for the diazotization reaction and also promotes complete dissolution of the aniline precursors to yield ammonium salts. Mohamed, et al protonated 4-aminobenzonitrile with HAuCl 4 in acetonitrile to form the ammonium benzonitrile tetrachloroaurate(III), which was subsequently oxidized using nitrosyl cation to form the diazonium gold(III) salt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 The synthesis of the salts [X-4-C 6 H 4 N≡N]AuCl 4 (X = F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 ) was also carried out by the oxidation of anilines using sodium nitrite in mineral acid followed by counterion exchange with tetrachloroaurate, [AuCl 4 ]in water. 27 The aryldiazonium salts are used in the construction of robust gold-carbon nanoparticles and the mechanism of their formation is shown in equations 1-3. 27 [X-4-C 6 H 4 N≡N] + + e - Ar • + N 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Developments of Aryldiazonium Salts as Modifiers for Gold Colloids and Surfaces

et al. 2021

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Modified colloids and flat surfaces occupy an important place in materials science research due to their widespread applications. Interest in development of modifiers that adhere strongly to surfaces relates to the need for stability under ambient conditions in many applications. In the last 20 years, diazonium salts have evolved as the primary choice for modification of surfaces. The term 'diazonics' has been introduced in the literature to describe "the science and technology of aryldiazonium salt-derived materials". The facile reduction of diazonium salts via chemical or electrochemical processes, irradiation stimuli, or spontaneously, results in efficient modification of gold surfaces. Robust gold-organic nanoparticles and films modified by using diazonium salts are critical in electronics, sensors, medical implants, and materials for power sources. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that gold-carbon interactions constructed via chemical reactions with diazonium salts are stronger than nondiazonium surface modifiers. This invited feature article summarizes the conceptual development of recent studies of diazonium salts in our laboratories and others with a focus on surface modification of gold nanostructures and flat surfaces, and their applications in nanomedicine engineering, sensors, energy, forensic science, and catalysis.

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Synthesis of gold organometallics at the nanoscale

Cited by 23 publications

References 77 publications

Diazonium Gold Salts as Novel Surface Modifiers: What Have We Learned So Far?

Diazonium Gold Salts as Novel Surface Modifiers: What Have We Learned So Far?

Syntheses and crystal structures of new aurate salts of adenine or guanine nucleobases

Conceptual Developments of Aryldiazonium Salts as Modifiers for Gold Colloids and Surfaces

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