Synthesis of insect pheromones: Improved method for the preparation of queen substance and royal jelly of honeybeesApis mellifera

In-Depth N-Glycosylation Reveals Species-Specific Modifications and Functions of the Royal Jelly Protein from Western (Apis mellifera) and Eastern Honeybees (Apis cerana)

“…4−7 In addition, important components in RJ, 9-oxo-and 10-hydroxy-2(E)-decenoic acids or queen substance, can be artificailly synthezed and used as pheromone in regulating the honeybee worker behavior; thus, this is important for social organization in the honeybee community. 8,9 Apis mellifera lingustica (Aml), one of the western honeybee species, is widely kept in China (>8 million colonies) since it was introduced at the beginning of the 1900s and now has become a major bee species. Having benefited from a breeding program launched in the 1980s, China has successfully selected a strain of high RJ producing bees (RJB) from Aml that can produce >10 kg of RJ a colony per year, which makes China the biggest RJ producer and accounts for 90% of world total RJ output.…”

“…It is a cocktail solution derived from the hypopharyngeal, mandibular, and thoracic glands of worker honeybees aged from 5–15 days old . Apart from its pivotal role in honeybee nutrition and determination the fate of young larvae development as worker or queen bees, RJ is also widely consumed with its broad spectrum functional properties of antihypertensive, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifatigue, and antioxidative activities. − In addition, important components in RJ, 9-oxo- and 10-hydroxy-2­(E)-decenoic acids or queen substance, can be artificailly synthezed and used as pheromone in regulating the honeybee worker behavior; thus, this is important for social organization in the honeybee community. , …”

Application of tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite as convenient phosphorus nucleophile in the direct synthesis of tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonic acids from ketimines

“…It is well known that heterocyclic derivatives are a prevalent motif in natural compounds and are well known to play a pivotal role in the design of scaffolds and probes for pharmaceutical applications. [6][7][8] As a part of our continuing interest in organophosphorus chemistry [9][10][11][12] and particularly in the synthesis of new α-functionalized phosphonates and corresponding phosphonic acids [13][14][15][16][17][18] we decided to embark on a project aiming at development of an effective and mild protocol for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonic acids. We report herein the addition of tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite to various N-benzyl ketimines as a very useful direct method, which affords desired α-aminophosphonic acids with good overall yields and under mild reaction conditions.…”