Synthesis of knowledge of extreme fire behavior: volume 2 for fire behavior specialists, researchers, and meteorologists

Werth, Paul; Potter, Brian E.; Alexander, Martin E.; Clements, Craig B.; Cruz, Miguel G.; Finney, Mark A.; Forthofer, Jason; Goodrick, Scott L.; Hoffman, Chad; Jolly, W. Matt; McAllister, Sara; Ottmar, Roger D.; Parsons, Russell A.

doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-891

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 206 publications

(389 reference statements)

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“…Forest fire is in the category of surface fire, which occurs on the surface and consumes only low-layer vegetation, e.g., grass, dead leaves, twigs, and undergrowth. Surface fires usually have low to moderate severity and do not cause extensive mortality in the standing vegetation [66]. This kind of fire occurs mainly during the dry season due to the high accumulation of dead leaves on the ground from deciduous plants.…”

Section: Forest Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Biomass Open Burning Emissions in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Junpen

Roemmontri

Boonman

et al. 2020

Climate

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Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burnt area products are widely used to assess the damaged area after wildfires and agricultural burning have occurred. This study improved the accuracy of the assessment of the burnt areas by using the MCD45A1 and MCD64A1 burnt area products with the finer spatial resolution product from the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) surface reflectance data. Thus, more accurate wildfires and agricultural burning areas in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) for the year 2015 as well as the estimation of the fire emissions were reported. In addition, the results from this study were compared with the data derived from the fourth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) that included small fires (GFED4.1s). Upon analysis of the data of the burnt areas, it was found that the burnt areas obtained from the MCD64A1 and MCD45A1 had lower values than the reference fires for all vegetation fires. These results suggested multiplying the MCD64A1 and MCD45A1 for the GMS by the correction factors of 2.11−21.08 depending on the MODIS burnt area product and vegetation fires. After adjusting the burnt areas by the correction factor, the total biomass burnt area in the GMS during the year 2015 was about 33.3 million hectares (Mha), which caused the burning of 109 ± 22 million tons (Mt) of biomass. This burning emitted 178 ± 42 Mt of CO2, 469 ± 351 kilotons (kt) of CH4, 18 ± 3 kt of N2O, 9.4 ± 4.9 Mt of CO, 345 ± 206 kt of NOX, 46 ± 25 kt of SO2, 147 ± 117 kt of NH3, 820 ± 489 kt of PM2.5, 60 ± 32 kt of BC, and 350 ± 205 kt of OC. Furthermore, the emission results of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in all countries were slightly lower than GFED4.1s in the range between 0.3 and 0.6 times.

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Section: Forest Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Biomass Open Burning Emissions in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Junpen

Roemmontri

Boonman

et al. 2020

Climate

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“…Este valor de DAC varía según las condiciones de escenario de incendio y de las características de los pies de cada área de defensa. Se han obtenido resultados en torno a 0.10 kg m -3 similar a lo que apunta la bibliografía (Cruz et al, 2005;Fernández-Alonso et al, 2013;Werth et al, 2016).…”

Section: áRea De Defensa (Ad)unclassified

“…Para el cálculo de la carga aérea crítica en el rodal estratégico, se ha estimado la densidad aparente de copa límite (DAC) de forma similar que para las áreas de defensa, sin embargo en este caso, bajo un escenario de viento de entre 25-30 km h -1 , en función de zonas más o menos expuestas al viento, y según las condiciones meteorológicas del escenario de incendio y de las características de los pies de cada rodal. Se han obtenido resultados en torno a 0.20 kg m -3 similar a lo que apunta la bibliografía (Cruz et al, 2005;Fernández-Alonso et al, 2013;Werth et al, 2016).…”

Section: Rodal De Actuación Estratégica (Rae)unclassified

Metodología aplicada en los planes de defensa de Aragón para la determinación de áreas de defensa y rodales/parcelas estratégicos en la defensa frente a incendios forestales

Rebolo¹,

Río

Pérez³

et al. 2020

Cuad. Soc. Esp. Cienc. For.

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Los incendios forestales se han convertido en un problema creciente para el medio ambiente y la protección civil en un contexto de cambio global. El potencial de los grandes incendios forestales tiende a crecer por la mayor frecuencia de ventanas meteorológicas y escenarios paisajísticos favorables. Estos incendios forestales son y pueden ser cada vez más importantes en la estructura y configuración del paisaje, así como para bienes y personas, por lo que resulta esencial anticiparnos. Se propone una metodología centrada en los objetivos de las acciones que identifica de antemano las oportunidades que puede tener la extinción para limitar el alcance de los grandes incendios forestales, ubicando actuaciones y empleando directrices de diseño más eficientes y seguras para las acciones de prevención. Se desarrollan las Áreas de Defensa (AD) y los Rodales de Actuación Estratégica (RAE). Esta metodología es la que actualmente se está aplicando en los Planes de Defensa contra incendios forestales en la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón.

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“…Northward spread of the fire into Comanche and Barber Counties, Kansas, was aided through the night by a low-level jet. Fire interactions with low-level jets, or "adverse wind profiles", is a well-known critical wildland fire situation (Byram 1954 andWerth andPotter 2016). Around 1500 UTC 23 March 2016 a west-southwesterly wind shift swept across the Anderson Creek Fire under persistent critical fire weather conditions with a subsequent veering of the near-surface wind toward the northwest with the passage of a cold front by 2200 UTC 23 March 2018 (Fig.…”

Section: A Short-duration Megafiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megafires on the Southern Great Plains

Lindley

Speheger

Day

et al. 2019

J. Operational Meteor.

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A global increase in megafires has occurred since the mid-1990s. Defined as wildfires that burn more than 405 km2 (100 000 ac), megafires are complex phenomena with wide ranging societal impacts. In the United States, scientific literature and wildland fire policy has traditionally focused upon megafires in forests of the American West. However, megafires also pose a significant threat to life and property on the southern Great Plains. The southern Great Plains is characterized by grass-dominated prairie and is climatologically prone to dry and windy weather, which facilitates extreme rates of fire spread leading to some of the largest wildfires in North America. This study documents 16 megafires on the plains of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas between 2006 and 2018. Most of these megafires occurred during southern Great Plains wildfire outbreaks, or plains firestorms, characterized by fire-effective low-level thermal ridges. Fuel and weather conditions supporting the 2006–2018 plains megafires are quantified by antecedent precipitation anomalies, fuel moisture, Energy Release Component, relative humidity, sustained wind speed, and temperature percentiles. Three modes of plains megafire evolution are identified by the analyses as short-duration, long-duration, and hybrid. Abrupt wind shifts and carryover fire in heavy dead fuels dictate megafire potential and evolutionary type. The presented analyses define favorable fuel and weather conditions that allow forecasters to discriminate megafire environments from typical plains fire episodes. Further, predictive signals for plains megafire conceptual model types can improve anticipation of southern Great Plains megafire evolution, threats, and management strategies.

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Synthesis of knowledge of extreme fire behavior: volume 2 for fire behavior specialists, researchers, and meteorologists

Cited by 63 publications

References 206 publications

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Biomass Open Burning Emissions in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Biomass Open Burning Emissions in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Metodología aplicada en los planes de defensa de Aragón para la determinación de áreas de defensa y rodales/parcelas estratégicos en la defensa frente a incendios forestales

Megafires on the Southern Great Plains

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