Synthesis of macroporous ZnO-graphene hybrid monoliths with potential for functional electrodes

3D Graphene Foam by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Synthesis, Properties, and Energy-Related Applications

“…HCl and a mixture of FeCl 3 /HCl in various concentrations (1 M to 3 M) are standard etching solutions for the metallic template [ 4 , 5 , 16 , 36 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. However, other strong (HNO 3 and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ) [ 39 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], or mild acids [ 58 ] have been proven as efficient etching solutions. A combination of electrochemical and chemical etching processes [ 22 ] and sublimation [ 21 ] methods have also been used to effectively etch the metallic template.…”

“…It is worth mentioning that the PMMA support layer used in the process of etching away the metallic substrate is a prerequisite only for thin graphene layers. When the graphene layers are increased above five, the metallic skeleton can be etched in the absence of a PMMA support layer [ 57 ]. As revealed in Figure 8 a, even though the etching was carried out in the absence of the supporting PMMA polymer, the GF maintained its integrity after scaffold removal.…”

State-of-the-Art on Functional Titanium Dioxide-Integrated Nano-Hybrids in Electrical Biosensors

“…However, graphene-hybrids with metal oxides have gained great attention in recent years due to significant physicochemical properties by effective adjustment or interaction of graphene sheets and incorporated materials. [71,72] Besides reducing toxicity of graphene toward cells, TiO 2 also acts as a stabilizer for graphene layers (sheets) to resist strong accumulation between the layers which is naturally generated by strong Van der Waals interactions between them. [73,74] Wang and team [75] synthesized TiO 2 -graphene nanohybrids for organophosphate compounds (OPs) detection.…”

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid ZnO/3D Graphene Structures

“…Due to these unique properties ZnO has been used widely for the fabrication of DSSC photoanodes. ZnO is regarded as an attractive alternative to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) because it has a similar band gap level to that of TiO 2 while possesses a higher electron mobility and more flexibility in synthesis and morphologies [26, 27].A hybrid structure with improved properties and especially with a high chemical stability was obtained very recently by using zinc oxide nanosheets and 3D graphene structures [28,29]. This hybrid ZnO/graphene structure with special properties for solar cells, especially DSSC type, has been synthesized by combining the two materials with complementary properties, namely graphene with the ability to accept electrons and ZnO with an intensive catalytic activity.…”

“…A hybrid structure with improved properties and especially with a high chemical stability was obtained very recently by using zinc oxide nanosheets and 3D graphene structures [28,29]. This hybrid ZnO/graphene structure with special properties for solar cells, especially DSSC type, has been synthesized by combining the two materials with complementary properties, namely graphene with the ability to accept electrons and ZnO with an intensive catalytic activity.…”