Photocatalysis is
regarded as a promising tool for wastewater remediation.
In recent years, many studies have focused on investigating novel
photocatalysts driven by visible light. In this study, K
2
V
6
O
16
·
n
H
2
O
nanobelts and KV
3
O
8
microplatelets were synthesized
and investigated as photocatalysts. Samples were obtained via the
facile method based on liquid-phase exfoliation with ion exchange.
By changing the synthesis temperature (20–80 °C), different
compositions, morphologies, and V
4+
/V
5+
ratios
were obtained and investigated as photocatalysts for organic dye degradation.
Potassium vanadates’ structural, morphological, and optical
properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS), Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS), thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) with mass spectrometry (MS), N
2
adsorption,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and UV–vis
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Synthesized K
2
V
6
O
16
·
n
H
2
O and KV
3
O
8
showed an efficient absorption in the visible
wavelength region with a narrow band gap energy of 1.80 and 1.91 eV,
respectively. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation
of methylene blue (MB) under simulated solar light illumination. The
KV
3
O
8
microplatelets exhibited the greatest
photocatalytic activity, resulting in more than 90% degradation of
the dye within the first 30 min. It is suggested that the observed
excellent photocatalytic performance is attributed to the high content
of V
4+
species. Furthermore, the influence of active species
was investigated, and the mechanism responsible for the photodegradation
of the MB dye was discussed for the first time for potassium vanadates.