2017
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01274
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Synthesis of Micropillar Arrays via Photopolymerization: An in Situ Study of Light-Induced Formation, Growth Kinetics, and the Influence of Oxygen Inhibition

Abstract: We report a study on the growth kinetics and resultant structures of arrays of pillars in photo-cross-linkable films during irradiation with a periodic array of microscale optical beams under ambient conditions. The optical beams experience a self-focusing nonlinearity owing to the photopolymerization-induced changes in refractive index, thereby concentrating light and driving the concurrent, parallel growth of microscale pillars along their path length. We demonstrate control over the pillar spacing and pilla… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…Industrial applications include developing materials for applications such as thin films, coatings, printing, graphic work, dentistry, contact lenses, and electronics. It is a noncontact, low-energy, and rapid process with capabilities of spatially specifying the reaction via photomasks (photolithography) (Cabral et al, 2004; O'Brien and Bowman, 2006; Cramer et al, 2008; Dendukuri et al, 2008; Alvankarian and Majlis, 2015; Wohlers and Caffrey, 2016; Chen et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2018). The polymerization rate is inhibited by air due to oxygen inhibition, which scavenges the radical species needed for cross-linking initialization.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Industrial applications include developing materials for applications such as thin films, coatings, printing, graphic work, dentistry, contact lenses, and electronics. It is a noncontact, low-energy, and rapid process with capabilities of spatially specifying the reaction via photomasks (photolithography) (Cabral et al, 2004; O'Brien and Bowman, 2006; Cramer et al, 2008; Dendukuri et al, 2008; Alvankarian and Majlis, 2015; Wohlers and Caffrey, 2016; Chen et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2018). The polymerization rate is inhibited by air due to oxygen inhibition, which scavenges the radical species needed for cross-linking initialization.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The utilization of microfabrication to reduce the deposition steps and to obtain a monolithic product was reported by Alvankarian and Majlis (2015). Chen et al (2017) proposed a kinetic model for pillar growth that includes free-radical generation and oxygen inhibition in thick films of photoinitiated media and have demonstrated control over the pillar spacing and pillar height with the irradiation intensity, film thickness, and the size and spacing of the optical beams. In microfabrication system, the formation of radical decreases over depth due to the reduction in light intensity and photosensitizer (PS) concentration and increase in oxygen inhibition.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(19), (ii) A reverse feature (as shown by the dashed-curve of Figure 4) is found when [B] is higher than the transition value, and thus leads to a higher conversion, resulted from the first term of the total rate RT, as predicted by our analytic formula, Eq. (16), (19) and (37). This is one of the new findings of this modeling study, which, however, requires further experimental justification.…”
Section: Discussion Of General Featuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Polymerization inhibition depth (zH) adjacent to the projection window is a critical parameter for continuous stereolithographic fabrication [12,[18][19][20][21]. zH defines the vertical distance into the resin from the transparent window in which no polymerization occurs, may be calculated by the balance point of initiation and inhibition rate, or when R = 0, or H = 0.…”
Section: The Inhibition Depthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tissue engineering using scaffold-based procedures for chemical modification of polymers has been reported to improve their mechanical properties by crosslinking or polymerization with UV or visible light to produce gels or high-molecular-weight polymers [3]. Industrial applications to date include the development of materials for thin films, 3D bio-printing, and microfabrication [5,6,7], in which the kinetics and mechanisms of photopolymerization have been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%