Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Combustion of Polypropylene

Tang, Tao; Chen, Xuecheng; Meng, Xiaoyu; Chen, Hui; Ding, Yaping

doi:10.1002/anie.200461506

Cited by 210 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The SEM image of the catalyst obtained at 700 °C catalyst (growth) temperature, Figure 3 Raman spectroscopy is often used to characterise CNTs [13,[54][55][56][57], and was also undertaken in this study to characterise the carbon deposits produced, with the resultant Raman spectra for 700, 800 and 900 °C shown in Figure 4. Peaks are seen at 1589 and 1348 cm 1 wavelength for each of the samples.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growth temperature and feedstock:catalyst ratio on the production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from the pyrolysis of waste plastics

Acomb

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

128

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Carbon nanotubes have been produced from a low density polyethylene (LDPE) feedstock via a two stage pyrolysis process. The temperature of the second stage, where carbon deposition on an iron alumina catalyst occurs (growth temperature), was varied using catalyst temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 C. An increase in catalyst temperature led to a higher yield of both carbon nanotubes and hydrogen, as the rate of carbon deposition increased.Changing the amount of feedstock relative to the catalyst also had an effect on the production of both carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. As more feedstock is used a larger source of carbon gives rise to a larger amount of carbon nanotubes per gram of catalyst. However, in terms of the percentage of feedstock converted into carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas, a reduction was observed. Conversion of plastic into carbon nanotubes was 29.1 wt.% when 0.5g LDPE was used, but reduced to 13.1 wt.% with 1.25g LDPE. This is because the catalyst activity reduces as it becomes overloaded, and much of the hydrocarbon gases are left unreacted. This gives an economic playoff between large conversion of plastics into carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas, and large yields of carbon nanotubes per gram of catalyst used.

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Section: Carbon Nanotube Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growth temperature and feedstock:catalyst ratio on the production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from the pyrolysis of waste plastics

Acomb

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

128

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“…CNT production from plastics has been demonstrated [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], however the effect of the steam injection rate on CNT and hydrogen has not been considered. The potential to produce CNTs from the pyrolysis of plastics was demonstrated by Kukovitsky et al [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Acomb

2014

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

165

102

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proven to be possible as high-value by-products of hydrogen production from gasification of waste plastics. In this work, steam content in the gasification process was investigated to increase the quality of CNTs in terms of purity.Three different plastics -low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were studied in a two stage pyrolysis-gasification reactor. Plastics samples were pyrolysed in nitrogen at 600°C, before the evolved gases were passed to a second stage where steam was injected and the gases were reformed at 800°C in the presence of a nickelalumina catalyst. To investigate the effect that steam plays on CNT production, steam injection rates of 0, 0.25, 1.90 and 4.74 g h -1 were employed. The CNTs produced from all three plastics were multiwalled CNTs with diameters between 10 and 20 nm and several microns in length. For all the plastic samples, raising the steam injection rate led to increased hydrogen production as steam reforming and gasification of deposited carbon increased. High quality CNTs, as observed from TEM, TPO and Raman spectroscopy, were produced by controlling the steam injection rate. The largest yield for LDPE was obtained at 0 g h -1 steam injection rate, whilst PP and PS gave their largest yields at 0.25 g h -1 . Overall the largest CNT yield was obtained for PS at 0.25 g h -1 , with a conversion rate of plastic to CNTs of 32% wt.

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“…[11][12][13] Co-gasification with biomass has also been reported to assist the feeding of gasification of plastics into the gasifier. [14][15][16] In addition, plastics pyrolysis has also been used to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a high-value product having extraordinary physical and chemical properties, by either mixing plastics with catalyst in a single reactor, 17,18 or passing the pyrolysis products of plastics into a second stage catalyst reactor. 19,20 Both product yield and the properties of CNTs are basically determined by the raw materials, for example, CNT production has been investigated from laser ablation, plasma assisted deposition, pyrolysis or chemical vapour deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

Nahil

Miskolczi

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

192

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Producing both hydrogen and high-value carbon nanotubes (CNTs) derived from waste plastics is reported here using a pyrolysis-reforming technology comprising a two-stage reaction system, in the presence of steam and a Ni-Mn-Al catalyst. The waste plastics consisted of plastics from a motor oil container (MOC), waste commercial high density polyethylene (HDPE) and regranulated HDPE waste containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The results show that hydrogen can be produced from the pyrolysis-reforming process, but also carbon nanotubes are formed on the catalyst. However, the content of 0.3 wt.% polyvinyl chloride in the waste HDPE (HDPE/PVC) has been shown to poison the catalyst and significantly reduce the quantity and purity of CNTs. The presence of sulphur has shown less influence on the production of CNTs in terms of quantity and CNT morphologies. Around 94.4 mmol H 2 g -1 plastic was obtained for the pyrolysis-reforming of HDPE waste in the presence of the Ni-Mn-Al catalyst and steam at a reforming temperature of 800 °C. The addition of steam in the process results in an increase of hydrogen production and reduction of carbon yield; in addition, the defects of CNTs e.g. edge dislocations were found to be increased with the introduction of steam (from Raman analysis).

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Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Combustion of Polypropylene

Cited by 210 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of growth temperature and feedstock:catalyst ratio on the production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from the pyrolysis of waste plastics

Effect of growth temperature and feedstock:catalyst ratio on the production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from the pyrolysis of waste plastics

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes

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