Synthesis of N-doped graphene/SnS composite and its electrochemical properties for lithium ion batteries

Abstract

N-doped graphene/SnS composite as highperformance anode materials has been synthesized by a simultaneous solvothermal method using ethylene glycol as solvent. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of N-doped graphene/SnS composite were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements. The SnS nanoparticles with sizes of 3-5 nm uniformly distribute on the N-doped graphene matrix. The N-doped graphene/SnS composite exhibits a relatively high reversible capacity and good cycling stability as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The good electrochemical performance can be due to that the N-doped graphene as electron conductor improves the electronic conductivity of composite and elastic matrix accommodates the large volume changes of SnS during the cycles.

Simple Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Tin Sulfide/N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

“…The stress relaxation of nanostructured materials is faster than that of materials having a substantial crystalline domain size, and the diffusion distance of lithium ions into nanocrystallites is shorter; thus nanostructured SnS and SnS 2 show enhanced cycling performance and rate capability over large-grained tin sulfide materials. , Compounding with conductive carbon is another approach to improve the performance of tin sulfides. Carbon materials including carbon blacks, CNTs, or graphene not only provide a high electrical conductivity to the tin sulfides but also act as a cushion to buffer the volume change during lithiation/delithiation. , The integration of graphene with tin sulfides has been previously applied to the LiB anode due to favorable properties such as large surface area, high electrical conductivity, and chemical stability, − and these anodes show enhanced cycling stability and rate performance compared to the bare SnS or SnS 2 electrodes. In addition, nitrogen-doped graphenes have been employed as a support for tin sulfides as well as other anode materials. ,, The composites made with nitrogen-doped graphene exhibited further enhanced performance compared with composites made with undoped graphene.…”

“…Carbon materials including carbon blacks, CNTs, or graphene not only provide a high electrical conductivity to the tin sulfides but also act as a cushion to buffer the volume change during lithiation/delithiation. , The integration of graphene with tin sulfides has been previously applied to the LiB anode due to favorable properties such as large surface area, high electrical conductivity, and chemical stability, − and these anodes show enhanced cycling stability and rate performance compared to the bare SnS or SnS 2 electrodes. In addition, nitrogen-doped graphenes have been employed as a support for tin sulfides as well as other anode materials. ,, The composites made with nitrogen-doped graphene exhibited further enhanced performance compared with composites made with undoped graphene. Nitrogen-doped graphene can retain the favorable properties of graphene (stated above) and gain additional favorable properties such as increased electrical conductivity for faster charge transfer and induced defect sites for more lithium storage. ,, Thus, combining nanostructured tin sulfides with a nitrogen-doped graphene would be an effective way to improve the performance of LiB anodes.…”

Three-Dimensional SnS Decorated Carbon Nano-Networks as Anode Materials for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries

“…The corresponding rate performances at various current densities are shown in Figure 5 d. As can be observed, the average reversible capacities of SnS@C composites from 0.1 to 5 A·g −1 are 817, 603, 502, 414, 348, 265 mAh·g −1 , when it returns to 0.1 A·g −1 , the specific capacity could return to 594 mAh·g −1 after 70 cycles. Moreover, the long-term cycling performances of the composites at 2 A·g −1 are shown in Figure 5 e. It can be seen that the specific capacity of SnS@C composites can still maintain at 610 mAh·g −1 after 1000 cycles, exhibiting excellent cycling stability, which is better than that of pure SnS and those of previous reports [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The excellent electrochemical performances are likely due to their specific structures.…”

A Universal Strategy to Fabricate Metal Sulfides@Carbon Fibers As Freestanding and Flexible Anodes for High-Performance Lithium/Sodium Storage

“…TEM analysis was further conducted to identify the refined morphology and microstructure of a single Coa-SnS/C fiber. The SnS nanoparticles are well embedded in the amorphous carbon matrix, which is due to the confinement effect of the outer layer assuring the fast electron transfer and good buffering during charge/discharge. − Furthermore, amorphous structures of metal sulfides can be detected from both the XRD and TEM results, which have been verified in improving the capacity, rate capability, and long-term cycling stability of LIBs and SIBs . Metal-sulfides/carbon composites fabricated via the coaxial electrospinning method are freestanding when served as electrodes due to their good flexibility, meaning that neither an insulating binder nor an additional conducting agent is required.…”