Synthesis of nanomagnetic sulphonated impregnated Ni/Mn/Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> as catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Ibrahim, Naeemah A.; Rashid, Umer; Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw; Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi

doi:10.1039/c9ra08115a

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover, they found that a carbonyl group in the test substrates found at certain acid locations could promote the esterification of the lipids, leading to the increase in conversion efficiency to biodiesel, and the as-prepared MOF catalysts could be reused for six reaction cycles. According to the suggested mechanism in Figure a, the carbonyl group of fatty acids is adsorbed on the catalyst to create the protonated carbonyl group at the Lewis acid sites, then alcohol molecules attack the protonated carbonyl group in the state of liquid, and finally the water molecules are eliminated to form biodiesel. , It could be seen that the removal of H 2 O and the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) molecules restores the active region in the case of MOF, allowing it to take part in the next reaction sequence without becoming poisoned. Under ideal circumstances, ZrSiW/UiO-66 and ZrSiW/Fe-BTC converted oleic acid at 98.0% and 85.5%, correspondingly.…”

Section: Application In Biofuel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Nguyen,

Sharma,

Dzida

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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The rapid depletion of fossil-derived fuels along with rising environmental pollution have motivated academics and manufacturers to pursue more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy options in today's globe. Biodiesel has developed as an ecologically favorable alternative. However, the mass manufacturing of biodiesel on an industrial scale confronts substantial cost and pricing challenges. To address this issue, highefficiency catalysts with a large number of active sites are needed, resulting in increased biodiesel output and quality. Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a lot of interest as a catalyst for converting oils/fats or fatty acids into biodiesel. MOFs are polyporous materials that can alter pore size as well as topological structure. They serve as a versatile foundation for designing active sites to satisfy the unique needs of catalytic reactions and conversion pathways. The purpose of this current work is to shed light on the underlying mechanisms and essential properties of MOF-based catalysts used in biodiesel synthesis. In addition, several methods for connecting active sites inside MOFs are scrutinized, while the properties and usability of MOF-based catalysts for the biodiesel production process are completely compared to other catalysts. More importantly, limits and future research directions about the utilization of MOFs in the biodiesel synthesis route are also critically presented. In general, this review contributes to improved awareness about the potential of MOFs in the biodiesel production sector by investigating the primary mechanism and characteristics of MOF-based catalysts.

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Section: Application In Biofuel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Nguyen,

Sharma,

Dzida

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…The activity of this catalyst is more than half compared to liquid sulfuric acid used. Nehdi and coworkers [40] used empty fruit bunches (EFBs) as a carbon precursor for the synthesis of nano‐magnetic carbonaceous solid acid catalyst. Sulfonation of EFB was carried out to obtain acidic EFBs catalyst which was denoted as AEFBs followed by impregnation of metal oxides NiO, MnO and Na 2 SiO 3 on the catalyst AEFBs.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in the Applications of Biomass‐Derived Sulfonated Carbonaceous Solid Acid Catalysts

Kirdant

Tamboli

Jadhav

2022

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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Recently, carbon-based materials are gaining a lot of attraction. It is considered as an emerging area of research and has gained significant importance as an efficient catalyst/material in various fields. Biomass is abundantly available, cheap and a renewable carbon resource. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalyst can be derived by sulfonation of various sources of biomass such as sugars, lignin, fruit waste, agro-waste, bio-char, etc. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts can be used as a substitute to liquid acids. These catalysts possess a stable carbon skeleton and are insoluble in almost all organic solvents as well as under acidic/basic conditions. This review covers details about biomass-derived sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts and its catalytic activities in many important transformations such as hydrolysis of cellulose, synthesis of biodiesel, synthesis of various important chemicals and for various organic transformations.

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“…3 (c), the FFA conversion increased up to 96.7% when the reaction temperature was increased from 80 to 120 °C. When temperature increases, reactant molecules gain more kinetic energy which enables them to move faster with more effective collision 27) . As a result, the mass transfer rate accelerated, and higher FAME yield is obtained 5) 28) .…”

Section: Catalytic Esterification Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate into Biodiesel Over Sulfonated Iron Oxide Catalyst

Matius

Mastuli

2021

J. Jpn. Inst. Energy

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The palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), as a low-cost feedstock, was catalytically esterified into biodiesel (also known as fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) using sulfonated iron oxide (HSO3ˉ/Fe2O3) catalyst. In this work, the catalyst was synthesised via self-propagating combustion (SPC) method, towards a greener synthesis technique, followed by sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid (HSO3Cl) to enhance the catalyst's acid properties. The catalysts were characterised and the success of sulfonation process was determined. From this study, Fe2O3 catalysts were proven to be pure and single-phase. The success of the sulfonation then was verified by the presence of sulfur, functional groups of S-O asymmetric vibration and S=O symmetric vibration, and increasing total acidity. Then, the sulfonated Fe2O3 catalyst was used to esterify the PFAD feedstock in methanol in which the esterification parameters were also optimized to obtain maximum free fatty acid (FFA) conversion. It was found that 15:1 of methanol-to-PFAD molar ratio, 4 wt.% of catalyst loading, 80 °C of reaction temperature and 5 h of reaction time produced 95.5% of FFA conversion. Interestingly, the sulfonated Fe2O3 catalyst can be considered as a superacid solid catalyst that enables boosting the esterification of the PFAD feedstock into biodiesel.

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Synthesis of nanomagnetic sulphonated impregnated Ni/Mn/Na₂SiO₃ as catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Abstract: The acidic EFB was doped with magnetic oxides to produce sulphonated nanomagnetic catalysts for biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Recent Developments in the Applications of Biomass‐Derived Sulfonated Carbonaceous Solid Acid Catalysts

Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate into Biodiesel Over Sulfonated Iron Oxide Catalyst

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Synthesis of nanomagnetic sulphonated impregnated Ni/Mn/Na2SiO3 as catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Abstract: The acidic EFB was doped with magnetic oxides to produce sulphonated nanomagnetic catalysts for biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Recent Developments in the Applications of Biomass‐Derived Sulfonated Carbonaceous Solid Acid Catalysts

Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate into Biodiesel Over Sulfonated Iron Oxide Catalyst

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Synthesis of nanomagnetic sulphonated impregnated Ni/Mn/Na₂SiO₃ as catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate