Synthesis of porosity controllable nanoporous silicon with a self-coated nickel layer for lithium-ion batteries

Hyun, Jae Ik; Kong, Kyeongho; Choi, Song-Gue; Na, Minyoung; Kim, Kwang Bum; Kim, Dong-Won; Kim, Do Hyang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229802

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The hollow part of the structure accommodates the volumetric deformation of the electrode, while the shell protects the active electrode. Electrode materials can be also fabricated into electrodes with nanowires, nanotube, , thin nanofilms, and nano porous structures to improve the electrode stability. Silicon nanowires are taken as an example, the active material is manufactured into closely arranged equal-length cylindrical electrodes and fixed on the electrode current collector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Damage Analysis for Spherical Electrode Particles with Different Protective Structures for a Lithium-Ion Battery

Liu

Wang

2023

ACS Omega

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Charge–discharge in a lithium-ion battery may produce electrochemical adverse reactions in electrodes as well as electrolytes and induce local inhomogeneous deformation and even mechanical fracture. An electrode may be a solid core–shell structure, hollow core–shell structure, or multilayer structure and should maintain good performance in lithium-ion transport and structural stability in charge–discharge cycles. However, the balance between lithium-ion transport and fracture prevention in charge–discharge cycles is still an open issue. This study proposes a novel binding protective structure for lithium-ion battery and compares its performance during charge–discharge cycles with unprotective structure, core–shell structure and hollow structure. First, both solid and hollow core–shell structures are reviewed, and their analytical solutions of radial and hoop stresses are derived. Then, a novel binding protective structure is proposed to well-balance lithium-ionic permeability and structural stability. Third, the pros and cons of the performance at the outer structure are investigated. Both analytical and numerical results show that the binding protective structure serves with great fracture-proof effectiveness and high lithium-ion diffusion rate. It has better ion permeability than solid core–shell structure but worse structural stability than shell structure. A stress surge is observed at the binding interface with an order of magnitude usually higher than that of the core–shell structure. The radial tensile stress at interface may more easily induce interfacial debonding than superficial fracture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Damage Analysis for Spherical Electrode Particles with Different Protective Structures for a Lithium-Ion Battery

Liu

Wang

2023

ACS Omega

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“…The spread of battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles has intensified efforts in both academia and industry to increase the capacity and service life of next-generation LIBs. − Graphite-based anode materials have been commercialized because of their long life and high initial charge efficiency, but their low theoretical capacity (372 mAh g –1 ) is insufficient to meet the growing demand for an energy storage capacity . Silicon (Si) is considered the most promising active material for LIB anodes because of its high theoretical capacity (3579 mAh g –1 ) and a lower operating potential than that of lithium (∼0.3 V vs Li/Li + ), which allows it to alloy with lithium ions to form the Li 4.4 Si phase. − However, the large volume change of Si (about 300%) associated with the insertion and extraction of lithium ions causes electrode shattering and capacity degradation, which has raised great concern for the long-term stability and lifetime of Si anodes. − To address the volume change and improve the cycling stability, various types of Si nanostructures, such as nanoporous structures, − nanoparticles, , nanotubes, and nanowires have been investigated as anode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, porous Si has free space that can mitigate the volume change during Li insertion/desorption, so the electrode structure can be maintained during charge–discharge cycling to potentially extend the cycle life. − The key parameters for porous Si to mitigate expansion and contraction involve the pore structure such as the pore size, porosity, and skeletal shape. Increasing the fine pore dispersion and pore volume helps to suppress the expansion of Si during Li insertion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A scalable method of fabricating Si-based materials with nanoporous structures is needed for industrial-scale application to high-capacity LIBs. The particle size, pore size, and pore volume can be tuned by using appropriate precursors and synthesis conditions, such as chemical etching, thermal reduction, and melting after ball milling or alloying with metals such as Bi and Mg. ,,,,− ,− ,,, However, such processes are complicated and require high-temperature conditions, which limit their scalability to synthesizing nanoporous Si in large quantities . The Al–Si dealloying method has a relatively low cost and simple synthesis, and it involves acid treatment of Al–Si alloy precursors to realize nanoporous Si. ,,− ,− ,− ,− , The porosity of the Si particles can be adjusted by varying the Al content in the Al–Si alloy precursor .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scalable Synthesis of Porous Silicon by Acid Etching of Atomized Al–Si Alloy Powder for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kawaura

Suzuki

Kondo

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Si anodes have attracted considerable attention for their potential application in next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of their high specific capacity (Li15Si4, 3579 mAh g–1) and elemental abundance. However, Si anodes have not yet been practically applied in lithium-ion batteries because the volume change associated with lithiation and delithiation degrades their capacity during cycling. Instead of considering the active material, we focused on the structural design and developed a scalable process for producing Si anodes with excellent cycle characteristics while precisely controlling the morphology. Al–Si alloy powders were prepared by gas atomization, and porous Si with a skeletal structure was prepared by leaching Al using HCl. Porous Si (p-Si12, p-Si19) prepared from Al88Si12 and Al81Si19 comprised resinous eutectic Si, and porous Si (p-Si25) prepared from Al75Si25 comprised lumpy primary Si and resinous eutectic Si. The porosity of the Si anodes varied from 63% to 76%, depending on the Si composition. The p-Si19 anode displayed the finest pore distribution (20–200 nm), excellent rate characteristics, a reversible discharge capacity of 1607 mAh g–1 after 200 cycles at a rate of 0.1 C with a Coulombic efficiency of over 97%, and high stability. The performances of the p-Si25 and p-Si19 electrodes began to decrease after 250 and 850 cycles, respectively, with a constant-charge capacity of 1000 mAh g–1 and at a rate of 0.2 C. In contrast, the p-Si12 anode maintained its discharge capacity at 1000 mAh g–1 for up to 1000 cycles without degradation. Therefore, the developed manufacturing process is expected to produce porous Si as an active material in lithium-ion batteries for high capacity and long life at an industrial scale.

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“…Energy storage systems (ESSs) are being extensively developed to improve grid stability in the form of mechanical, electrical, electrochemical, thermal, and chemical energy storage ( Holdren, 2007 ; Yang et al, 2011 ). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are among the most notable ESSs due to their high energy density and long cycle life ( Guo et al, 2021 ; Hyun et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ). However, the large-scale application of LIBs in electric, hybrid vehicles and smart grids has put pressure on the limited supply of lithium resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron-Doped Pine-Cone Carbon With 3D Interconnected Porosity for Use as an Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries With Long Life Cycle

Li²,

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have received widespread attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and abundance of potassium. However, the poor kinetic performance and severe volume changes during charging/discharging due to the large radius of potassium leading to low capacity and rapid decay. Therefore, development of anode materials with sufficient space and active sites for potassium ion deintercalation and desorption is necessary to ensure structural stability and good electrochemical activity. This study prepared boron-doped pine-cone carbon (BZPC) with 3D interconnected hierarchical porous in ZnCl2 molten-salt by calcination under high temperature. The hierarchical porous structure promoted the penetration of the electrolyte, improved charge-carrier diffusion, alleviated volume changes during cycling, and increased the number of micropores available for adsorbing potassium ions. In addition, due to B doping, the BZPC material possessed abundant defects and active centers, and a wide interlayer distance, which enhanced the adsorption of K ions and promoted their intercalation and diffusion. When used as the anode of a KIB, BZPC provided a high reversible capacity (223.8 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate performance, and cycling stability (115.9 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1).

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Synthesis of porosity controllable nanoporous silicon with a self-coated nickel layer for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Progressive Damage Analysis for Spherical Electrode Particles with Different Protective Structures for a Lithium-Ion Battery

Progressive Damage Analysis for Spherical Electrode Particles with Different Protective Structures for a Lithium-Ion Battery

Scalable Synthesis of Porous Silicon by Acid Etching of Atomized Al–Si Alloy Powder for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Boron-Doped Pine-Cone Carbon With 3D Interconnected Porosity for Use as an Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries With Long Life Cycle

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